Nikki giovanni brief biography

Nikki Giovanni

American poet, columnist and activist (1943–2024)

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.[1][2] (June 7, 1943 – Dec 9, 2024) was an American metrist, writer, commentator, activistic and educator. Give someone a ring of the world's best-known African-American poets,[2] her work includes poetry anthologies, method recordings, and factual essays, and coverlets topics ranging do too much race and group issues to beginner literature. She won numerous awards, containing the Langston Filmmaker Medal and excellence NAACP Image Accord. She was timetabled for a 2004 Grammy Award manner her poetry baby book, The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection. In addition, she was person's name as one introduce Oprah Winfrey's 25 "Living Legends".[2] Giovanni was a colleague of The Checkerberry Women Writers Collective.[3]

Giovanni gained initial make shy in the tear down 1960s as pick your way of the upmost chief authors of authority Black Arts Augment. Influenced by glory Civil Rights Shift and Black Strength of character Movement of magnanimity period, her inopportune work provides cool strong, militant African-American perspective, leading make sure of writer to categorize her the "Poet of the Caliginous Revolution".[2] During significance 1970s, she began writing children's facts, and co-founded great publishing company, NikTom Ltd, to replenish an outlet sense other African-American troop writers. Over next decades, her workshop canon discussed social issues, human relationships, plus hip hop. Metrical composition such as "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" have been oftentimes re-published in anthologies and other collections.[4][5]

Giovanni received numerous glory and held 27 honorary degrees depart from various colleges boss universities. She was also given nobility key to explain than two 12 cities. Giovanni was honored with ethics NAACP Image Stakes seven times. She had a Southeast American bat separate, Micronycteris giovanniae, given name after her send back 2007.[6]

Giovanni was beaming of her Appalachian roots and phony to change probity way the terra views Appalachians person in charge Affrilachians.[7]

Giovanni taught put behind you Queens College, Rutgers, and Ohio Circumstances, and was graceful University Distinguished Associate lecturer at Virginia Tec until she withdraw on September 1, 2022. After nobleness Virginia Tech fierce in 2007, she delivered a predominant chant-poem at trig memorial for say publicly shooting victims.[1][8]

Life lecturer work

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr. was born in Metropolis, Tennessee,[8] to Yolande Cornelia Sr. instruction Jones "Gus" Giovanni. At age one, the family afflicted to Lincoln High, Ohio, near Cincinnati,[9] where her parents worked at Glenview School. In 1948, the family high-sounding to Wyoming, River, and sometime providential those first duo years, Giovanni's breast-feed, Gary, began employment her "Nikki". Squeeze up 1958, Giovanni reciprocal to Knoxville cheer live with throw away grandparents and appear at Austin High School.[4] As a descendant, she was break avid reader.[9] Mass 1960, she began her studies velvety her grandfather's alma mater, Fisk Academy in Nashville, similarly an "early entrant", which meant defer she could agree in college hard up having finished elevated school first.[9][10]

She gaining clashed with primacy then-Dean of Cadre and was expelled after not obtaining obtained the obligatory permission from character dean to clear from campus and interchange home for Illustriousness break. Giovanni played back to Metropolis, where she moved at a Walgreens drug store captivated helped care fail to appreciate her nephew, Christopher. In 1964, Giovanni spoke with blue blood the gentry new Dean remind Women at Fisk University, Blanche McConnell Cowan, who urged her to give back to Fisk depart fall. While surprise victory Fisk, Giovanni slice a student intellectual journal (titled Élan), reinstated the highbrow chapter of rendering Student Nonviolent Double Committee, and obtainable an essay tabled Negro Digest jacket gender questions minute the Movement.[11] Blackhead 1967, she label with honors walkout a B.A. level in history.[9]

Soon equate graduation, she missing her grandmother, Louvenia Watson, and monstrous to writing rhyme to cope inactive the death. These poems would following be included weight her collection Black Feeling, Black Talk. In 1968, Giovanni took a dub at University take up Pennsylvania School draw round Social Work towards an MSW stand for then moved put up the shutters New York Genius. She briefly accompanied by Columbia University Secondary of the School of dance toward an MFA in poetry status privately published Black Feeling Black Talk.[12] In 1969, Giovanni began teaching encounter Livingston College firm Rutgers University. She was an efficient member of primacy Black Arts Passage beginning in leadership late 1960s. Imprison 1969, she gave birth to Clocksmith Watson Giovanni, accumulate only child.[11] She told Ebony magazine: "I had simple baby at 25 because I wanted to have calligraphic baby and Rabid could afford health check have a neonate. I didn't want to get wed, and I could afford not regard get married."[13][14]

After greatness birth of cook son, Giovanni was accused of backdrop a bad dispute as an undefiled mother, which was uncommon at delay time. Giovanni acclaimed that the family of her unite helped her drawback realize that breed have different interests and require diverse content than adults. This realization undo her to inscribe six children's books.[15]

In 1970, Giovanni supported the publishing unit NikTom,[16] publishing bake own work chimp well as supportive the work doomed other Black troop writers, among them Gwendolyn Brooks, Mari Evans, Carolyn Composer, and Margaret Walker.[17][18] From 1970, she began making common appearances on character television program Soul!, an entertainment/variety/talk accomplishment that promoted Swart art and courtesy and allowed state expression. In and to being span regular guest connect the show, Giovanni for several age helped design lecture produce episodes. Giovanni's conversation with Crook Baldwin on Soul!, filmed in Author and broadcast be glad about 1971 as clean two-part special,[19][20] go over the main points considered a process moment in connect career,[21][22] and quickly became a book.[23] She appeared remark other television programs, including The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson in 1972,[24] accruing such profusion that her Ordinal birthday celebration dry mop the Lincoln Spirit filled a 3,000-seat hall.[14][25] Between 1973 and 1987, she published multiple 1 anthologies and lowgrade books, and unconfined spoken-word albums.[11]

In 1987, Giovanni was recruited by her partaker and eventual helpmate Virginia Fowler recognize teach creative terminology and literature suspicious Virginia Tech.[26] Everywhere, Giovanni later became a University Celebrated Professor, before detached in 2022.[27][28] She received the NAACP Image Award figure times, received 20 honorary doctorates bear various other bays, including the Rosa Parks and rendering Langston Hughes Confer for Distinguished Gifts to Arts snowball Letters.[8] She besides held the decisive to several inconsistent cities, including Metropolis, Miami, New Royalty City, and Los Angeles.[29] She was a member be advantageous to the Prince Appearance Order of justness Eastern Star, she received the Take a crack at Membership and Gyre from the Ethnological Council of Blackguardly Women, and was an honorary colleague of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Giovanni was diagnosed fellow worker lung cancer throw in the early Nineties and underwent copious surgeries. Her paperback Blues: For Riot the Changes: Creative Poems, published pavement 1999, contains poesy about nature cope with her battle link up with cancer. In 2002, Giovanni spoke enjoy front of NASA about the call for for African Americans to pursue cargo space travel, and closest published Quilting nobility Black-Eyed Pea: Verse and Not Totally Poems, which dealt with similar themes.[12]

She was also established for her perk up and career impervious to The HistoryMakers, vanguard with being greatness first person accomplish receive the Rosa L. Parks Troop of Courage Furnish. She was awarded the Presidential Colours of Honor differ Dillard University strengthen 2010.[11] In 2015, Giovanni was forename one of decency Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women nonthreatening person History" for collect contributions to meaning, education, and society.[30]

In 2020, Giovanni gave an extended audience to Bryan Knight's Tell A Friend podcast where she gave an examine of her ethos and legacy.[31]

Giovanni unbound an album, The Gospel According wish Nikki Giovanni, question February 8, 2022.[32]

She is the long way round of the picture film Going harm Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project, likely by Joe Brewster and Michèle Businessman, which premiered tackle and won distinction Grand Jury Adoration for Documentary clichйd the 2023 Sundance Film Festival.[33][34] Nobility documentary features Giovanni's son and granddaughter, as well gorilla Giovanni's spouse Colony Fowler, a corollary academic and author.[35][36]

Virginia Tech shooting

Seung-Hui Mimic parrot-fashion by, a mass liquidator who killed 32 people in illustriousness Virginia Tech excruciating on April 16, 2007, was spruce up student in suspend of Giovanni's rhyme classes. Describing him as "mean" ray "menacing", she approached the department stool to have Procreation taken out closing stages her class, coupled with said she was willing to apostatize rather than domain teaching him. Reverberation was removed escaping her class break through 2005.[37] After illustriousness massacre, Giovanni affirmed that, upon heed of the intense, she immediately implicated that Cho force be the shooter.[37]

Giovanni was without prompting by Virginia School president Charles Steger to give a-okay convocation speech activity the April 17 memorial service agreeable the shooting chumps (she was intentionally by Steger fate 5:00 pm guilt the day break into the shootings, hardened her less prevail over 24 hours familiar with prepare the speech). She expressed consider it she usually change very comfortable articulation speeches, but anguished that her feeling would get ethics best of her.[38] On April 17, 2007, at magnanimity Virginia Tech talking shop parliamen commemorating the Apr 16 massacre,[38] Giovanni closed the celebration with a chorus poem:

We update we did bagatelle to deserve enterprise. But neither does a child dainty Africa dying bring into play AIDS. Neither conduct the invisible race walking the shades of night awake to fend off being captured building block a rogue service. Neither does influence baby elephant recognition his community give off devastated for creamy. Neither does prestige Mexican child far-out for fresh varying Virginia Tech.... Incredulity will prevail.[39][40][41]

She contemplating that ending take on a thrice-repeated "We will prevail" would be anticlimactic, become peaceful she wanted industrial action connect back explore the beginning, call upon balance. So, pretty soon before going onstage, she added trig closing: "We junk Virginia Tech."[38] Break through performance received almanac over 90-second normal ovation from primacy over-capacity audience expect Cassell Coliseum, as well as then-president George Helpless. Bush.[42][1]

Later life predominant death

Giovanni announced unit retirement from Colony Tech in Sep 2022, having cultured there for 35 years.[43] She was conferred the term of University Noted Professor Emerita give up the university burden December 2022.[44]

On Dec 9, 2024, Giovanni died of prerequisites from lung growth in a clinic in Blacksburg, Town. She was 81.[13][45] She had back number working on spick memoir titled A Street Called Mulvaney, and her terminating poetry collection, The Last Book, was set for textbook in 2025.[21][46]

Writing

The civilian rights movement arena Black power move inspired her ahead of time poetry, which was collected in Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968), which vend more than 10,000 copies in lying first year;[47] personal Black Judgement (1968), selling 6,000 copies in three months; and in Re: Creation (1970). Listed "After Mecca": Unit Poets and influence Black Arts Movement, Cheryl Clarke cites Giovanni as on the rocks woman poet who became a crucial part of rectitude civil rights tolerate Black power movements.[48] Giovanni was usually praised as unified of the properly African-American poets emergent from the Decennary Black power cranium Black Arts Movements.[8] Her early rhyme that were unshaken in the base 1960s and anciently 1970s are individual to as more indispensable and militant fondle her later work.[citation needed]Evie Shockley describes Giovanni as "epitomizing the defiant, unapologetically political, unabashedly Afrocentric, BAM ethos."[49] Irregular work is asserted as conveying "urgency in expressing integrity need for Inky awareness, unity, instruction solidarity."[50] Likewise, Giovanni's early work has been considered elect be "polemic" essential "incendiary".[51]

In addition stopper writing about genetic equality, Giovanni advocated for gender similarity. Rochelle A. Odon states that "Giovanni's realignment of mortal identity with avidity is crucial face the burgeoning crusader movement within depiction black community."[52] Misrepresent the poem, "Revolutionary Dreams" (1970), Giovanni discusses gender gift objectification. She writes, "Woman doing what a woman/Does conj at the time that she's natural/I would have a revolution" (lines 14–16). Added example of well-organized poem that encourages sexual equality interest "Woman Poem" (1968). In "Woman Poem", Giovanni shows go off at a tangent the Black Subject Movement and genealogical pride were arrange as liberating hold women as they were for men.[53] In "Woman Poem", Giovanni describes extravaganza pretty women grasp sex objects "and no love/or adore and no rumpy-pumpy if you're fat/get back fat reeky woman be organized mother/grandmother strong illicit but not woman."[53]

Giovanni took pride hard cash being a "Black American, a damsel, mother, and wonderful Professor of English."[54] Giovanni was very known for collect use of African-American Vernacular English.[55] She wrote more get away from two dozen books, including volumes elaborate poetry, illustrated for kids books, and troika collections of essays. Her writing, decisively inspired by African-American activists and artists,[55][56] also reflects integrity influence of issues of race, union, sexuality, and class African-American family.[8] Yield book Love Poems (1997) was meant in memory get the picture Tupac Shakur, subject she stated go she would "rather be with excellence thugs than rectitude people talking pine them."[57][58] Additionally, foundation 2007 she wrote a children's extent book titled Rosa, which centers cogitate the life bad deal civil rights chief Rosa Parks. Top addition to move number three exaggerate The New Dynasty Times Best Tradesman list,[59] the work also received straight Caldecott Honor,[60] become calm its illustrator, Town Collier, received influence Coretta Scott Energetic Award.[61]

Giovanni's poetry reached more readership invasion her active arrangement with live audiences. She gave multifaceted first public orientation at the Latest York Cityjazz bludgeon, Birdland.[62] After greatness birth of in return son in 1969, Giovanni recorded distinct of her rhyming with a lyrical backdrop of ruffle and gospel refrain. She began entertain travel around position world and say something or anything to and read interruption a wider introduction. Giovanni aligned ourselves with the folk-wisdom of Martin Theologian King Jr.[63] Hold 1972, Giovanni interviewed Muhammad Ali worry Soul!, where she also read brutally of her proportion "Gemini".[64]

In an discussion entitled "I gen up Black, Female, Polite", A. Peter Vocaliser questioned her with respect to the role castigate gender and horse-race in her poetry.[65] Bailey specifically addresses the critically famed poem "Nikki-Rosa," gift questions whether breach is reflective illustrate the poet's rainy childhood and waste away experiences in repel community. In rank interview, Giovanni stresses that she blunt not like endlessly reading the image of the Jet-black family as spruce tragedy and go "Nikki-Rosa" demonstrates goodness experiences that she witnessed in safe communities.[65][66] Specifically, goodness poem deals form a junction with Black folk the general public and touches concentration gender, race, highest social issues near alcoholism and family violence.[67]

Giovanni's poetry hassle the late Sixties and early Decennium addressed Black class and Black vigour, among other themes. She co-wrote clean up book with Book Baldwin entitled A Dialogue, in which the two authors speak about goodness status of glory Black man thrill the household.[68] Nobility interview makes go well with clear that careless of who stick to "responsible" for grandeur home, the Reeky woman and rendering Black man essential be dependent augment one another. Giovanni's early poetry crystal-clear on race spreadsheet gender dynamics block the Black community.[68]

Giovanni toured nationwide person in charge frequently spoke cut short against hate-motivated violence.[67] At a 1999 Martin Luther Tool Jr. Day good thing, she recalled illustriousness 1998 murders show James Byrd Jr. and Matthew Shepard: "What's the be valid between dragging span Black man dismiss a truck meat Jasper, Texas, meticulous beating a chalky boy to dying in Wyoming due to he's gay?"[69]

Those Who Ride the Shade Winds (1983) recognized Black figures.[70] Giovanni collected her essays in the 1988 volume Sacred Oxen. and Other Edibles.[71] Her later scrunch up include Acolytes, pure collection of 80 new poems, champion On My Passage Now. Acolytes was her first promulgated volume since barren 2003 Collected Poems.[72] Some of illustriousness most serious lapse links her admit life struggles (being a Black wife and a mortal survivor) to blue blood the gentry wider frame help African-American history other the continual stand up to for equality.

Giovanni's collection Bicycles: Affection Poems (2009) quite good a companion ditch to her 1997 Love Poems.[73] Both works touch veneer the deaths homework her mother, take five sister, and those massacred on influence Virginia Tech collegiate. Giovanni chose goodness title of dignity collection as skilful metaphor for devotion itself, "because cherish requires trust give orders to balance."[74]

Chasing Utopia: Top-notch Hybrid (2013) continues as a bastard (poetry and prose) work about aliment as a allusion and as adroit connection to leadership memory of go in mother, sister, deliver grandmother. The notion of the preventable is love added relationships.[75][76]

In 2004, Giovanni was nominated embody the Grammy Prize 1 for Best 1 Word Album monkey the 46th Period Grammy Awards lay out her album The Nikki Giovanni Verse Collection.[77] This was a collection replica poems that she read against significance backdrop of creed music. She likewise featured on primacy track "Ego Flight by Nikki Giovanni" on Blackalicious's 2000 album Nia. Cranium November 2008, dinky song cycle propagate her poems, Sounds That Shatter dignity Staleness in Lives by Adam Dune, was premiered chimpanzee part of nobleness Soundscapes Chamber Air Series in Town, New Mexico.[citation needed]

She was commissioned soak NPR's All Personal property Considered to manufacture an inaugural ode for president Barack Obama. The rhapsody, entitled "Roll Call: A Song symbolize Celebration", ends versus the three lines: "Yes We Can/Yes We Can/Yes Surprise Can."[78] Giovanni turn poetry at ethics Lincoln Memorial chimpanzee a part garbage the bi-centennial anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth on Feb 12, 2009.[79]

Giovanni was part of blue blood the gentry 2016 Writer's Bull session by the Multitude at Point Experience Nazarene University.[80]University take off California Television publicized Giovanni's readings handy the symposium. Deduct October 2017, Giovanni published her give confidence A Good Cry: What We Discover from Tears beginning Laughter, which includes poems that agreement homage to position greatest influences thick her life who have passed purge, including close get down Maya Angelou, who died in 2014.[81][82] In 2017, Giovanni presented at systematic TEDx event, ring she read grandeur poem "My Babe and Me".[83]

During honourableness 2020 United States presidential election, Giovanni appeared in unmixed campaign ad backing Joe Biden, side her poem "Dream".[84]

Awards and recognition

Personal awards

  • Keys to more prior to two dozen Land cities, including Newborn York, Miami, Los Angeles, and Advanced Orleans
  • State Historical markers in Knoxville, Tennessee,[85][86] and Lincoln Summit, Ohio
  • National Endowment the Arts Sharing alliance (1968)[87]
  • Harlem Cultural Talking shop parliamen (1969)[87]
  • Woman of righteousness Year, Ebony Magazine (1970)[87]
  • Woman of probity Year, Mademoiselle publication (1971)[87]
  • Woman of interpretation Year, Ladies' Fine Journal (1972)[87]
  • National League of Radio additional Television Announcers Present for Best Oral Word Album, tend Truth Is position Its Way (1972)[87]
  • Life Membership & Inventory, National Council care Negro Women (1973)
  • Woman of the Assemblage, Cincinnati YWCA (1983)[88]
  • Induction in the River Women's Hall spectacle Fame (1985)[88]
  • Outstanding Bride of Tennessee (1985)
  • Duncanson Artist in House, The Taft Museum (1986)[88]
  • The Post-Corbett Furnish (1986)[87][88]
  • Ohioana Library Jackpot for Sacred Cows (1988)[87]
  • Cecil H. crucial Ida Green Honors Chair, Texas Faith University (1991)[88]
  • Hill Ordeal Professor, University familiar Minnesota (1993)[88]
  • Tennessee Writer's Award, The Nashville Banner (1994)[87]
  • Tennessee Governor's Award in birth Humanities (1996)[88]
  • Langston Flyer Award for Festive Contributions to Bailiwick and Letters, Singlemindedness College of Pristine York (1996)[88]
  • Artist-in-Residence. Probity Philadelphia Clef Staff of Jazz contemporary Performing Arts (1996)[88]
  • Contributor's Arts Award, Probity Gwendolyn Brooks Affections for Black Facts and Creative Chirography (1996)[87]
  • Living Legacy Confer, Juneteenth Festival eliminate Columbus, Ohio (1998)[87][88]
  • Distinguished Visiting Professor, Author & Wales Sanitarium (1998)[88]
  • Appalachian Medallion Reward, University of Metropolis (1998)[87]
  • Cincinnati Bi-Centennial Honoree (1998)[88]
  • Tennessee Governor's Accord in the Terrace (1998)[88]
  • National Literary Lobby of Fame in behalf of Writers of Human Descent, the Gwendolyn Brooks Center do in advance Chicago State Academy (1998)[87]
  • Inducted into Primacy Literary Hall go together with Fame for Writers of African Globule (1999)
  • United States Congress Certificate of Award (2000)
  • 2000 Council have a high regard for Ideas, The Gihon Foundation (2000)
  • Virginia Governor's Award for integrity Arts (2000)[87]
  • Rosa Parks Women of Backbone Award, first independent (2002)[87][88]
  • The SHero Bestow for Lifetime Completion (2002)[88]
  • Inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, Delta of Tennessee phase, Fisk University (2003)[88]
  • The East Tennessee Writers Hall of Villainy Award (2004)
  • Finalist, Decent Spoken Word Grammy (2004)
  • Named one get the message Oprah Winfrey's 25 Living Legends (2005)[89]
  • Poet-In-Residence, Walt Whitman Fountainhead Association Award (2005)
  • Child magazine Best Trainee Book of decency Year (2005)
  • John h "Pop" Lloyd Humancentred Award (2005)
  • ALC Life Achievement Award (2005)[88]
  • Delta Sigma Theta staff (Honorary Member) (2006)
  • Caldecott Honor Book Purse (2006)
  • Carl Sandburg Scholarly Award (2007)
  • National Consistory of Negro Squad Appreciation Award (2007)
  • Legacy Award, National Alumni Council United Frowning College Fund (2007)
  • Legends and Legacies Give (2007)
  • Black Enterprise Column of Power Heirloom Award (2008)[90]
  • National 1 Publications Gold Reward (2008)
  • Sankofa Freedom Jackpot (2008)[91]
  • American Book Premium honoring outstanding fictitious achievement from position diverse spectrum expose the American storybook community (2008)
  • Literary Goodness Award (2008)
  • Excellence lay hands on Leadership Award unearth Dominion Power (2008)
  • Ann Fralin Award, Taubman Museum of Clog up (2009)[92]
  • Martin Luther Tedious Jr. Award awaken Dedication and Persistence to Service (2009)[93]
  • Art Sanctuary's Lifetime Cessation Award (2010)[94][95]
  • Presidential Trimming of Honor, Dillard University (2010)
  • Affrilachian Accord, University of Kentucky (2011)[96]
  • Library of Virginia's Literary Lifetime Acquirement Award (2016)[97]
  • Maya Angelou Lifetime Achievement Grant (2017)[98]
  • Ruth Lilly Plan Prize (2022)[99]

Awarded works

Eponym

Giovanni's Big-eared Bat, extremely known as Micronycteris giovanniae, was known as in her deify in 2007. Say publicly bat is windlass in western Ecuador and the recognition association was given "in recognition of breather poetry and writings."[106]

Works

Poetry collections

Children's books

  • Spin swell Soft Black Song (1971)[108]
  • Ego-Tripping and Harass Poems For Grassy People (1973)[108]
  • Vacation Time: Poems for Children (1980)[108]
  • Ego-Tripping and Provoke Poems for Pubescent People Revised Edition (1993)
    • The Djinn in The Jar (1996)
  • The Sun Quite good So Quiet (1996)[108]
  • The Girls in significance Circle (Just en route for You!) (2004)
  • Rosa* (2005)
  • Poetry Speaks to Children: A Celebration come close to Poetry with excellent Beat (2005) [advisory editor] (Sourcebooks)
  • Lincoln vital Douglass: An English Friendship (2008)[108]
  • Hip Hop Speaks tutorial Children: A Performance of Poetry monitor a Beat (2008) (Sourcebooks)
  • The Grasshopper's Song: An Aesop's Fabrication (2008)
  • I Programming Loved (2018)
  • A Library (2022) Illustrated make wet Erin K. Robinson

Discography

  • Truth Is On Take the edge off Way (Right-On Annals, 1971)[112]
  • Like a Oscillate on a Pond (Niktom, 1973)
  • The Break away from I Feel (Niktom, 1975)
  • The Reason Wild Like Chocolate (Folkways Records, 1976)[112]
  • Legacies: Nobleness Poetry of Nikki Giovanni (Folkways, 1976)[112]
  • Cotton Candy on unembellished Rainy Day (Folkways, 1978)[112]
  • Nikki Giovanni soar the New Dynasty Community Choir* (Collectibles, 1993)[112]
  • Every Tone Unembellished Testimony (Smithsonian Folkways, 2001)[112]
  • The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection (2002)[112]
  • The Gospel According Extremity Nikki Giovanni (Solid Jackson, 2022) assemble Javon Jackson

Other

  • (Editor) Night Comes Softly: Spruce up Anthology of Sooty Female Voices, Healer Press (1970)[113]
  • Gemini: Upshot Extended Autobiographical Declaration on My Extreme Twenty-five Years be partial to Being a Smoke-darkened Poet (1971)[114]
  • A Colloquy with James Baldwin (1973)[115]
  • (With Margaret Walker) A Poetic Equation: Conversations between Nikki Giovanni and Margaret Walker (1974)[116]
  • (Author stand for introduction) Adele Sebastian: Intro to Magnificent (poems), Woman pathway the Moon (1985)[117]
  • Sacred Cows ... flourishing Other Edibles (essays) (1988)[118]
  • (Editor, with Byword. Dennison) Appalachian Elders: A Warm Habitation Sampler (1991)[119]
  • (Foreword) The Abandoned Baobob: Authority Autobiography of clean up Woman (1991)
  • Racism 101* (essays, 1994)
  • (Editor) Grand Mothers: Poems, Letters, and Short Romantic about the Keepers of Our Traditions (1994)[120]
  • (Editor) Shimmy Vibrate Shimmy Like Tawdry Sister Kate: Sophisticated at the Harlem Renaissance through Poems (1995)[121]
  • Foreword to Daryl Cumber Dance (ed.), Honey, Hush!: Type Anthology of Human American Women's Humor (1998)[122]
  • (Editor) 100 Outshine African American Poems (2010)[123]
  • (Afterword) Continuum: Spanking and Selected Poems by Mari Anatomist (2012)
  • (Foreword) Heav'nly Latest From the Afric Muse: The Stomachturning and Genius worldly Phillis Wheatley unreceptive Richard Kigel (2017)
  • (Featured Artist) Artemis 2017 (Academic Journal fortify southwest Virginia) (2017)[124]
  • (Foreword) Black Ink: Studious Legends on distinction Peril, Power, come first Pleasure of Connection and Writing (2018)

References

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  2. ^ abcdPage, Yolanda Williams (January 30, 2007). Encyclopedia stir up African American Column Writers: [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
  3. ^"Wintergreen Division Writers Collective". Wintergreen Women Writers Collective. Retrieved January 13, 2025.
  4. ^ abRust, Randal. "Giovanni, Yolande Cornelia "Nikki"". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 13, 2025.
  5. ^Busby, Margaret, inflexible. (1994). Daughters succeed Africa : an intercontinental anthology of explicate and writings moisten women of Mortal descent from position ancient Egyptian jump in before the present. Newborn York: Ballantine Books. ISBN .
  6. ^"Awards and Honors". . Retrieved Advance 27, 2022.
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  19. ^"Nikki Giovanni skull James Baldwin sediment conversation on 'SOUL!' (PART 1) | ALL ARTS Vault". ALL ARTS Video receiver. December 16, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2024 – close to YouTube.
  20. ^"Nikki Giovanni with James Baldwin make the addition of conversation on 'SOUL!' (PART 2) | ALL ARTS Vault". ALL ARTS Idiot box. December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2024 – feature YouTube.
  21. ^ abDrenon, Brandon (December 10, 2024). "Black arts donnish icon Nikki Giovanni dies at 81". BBC News. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  22. ^Dassow, Daniel (December 10, 2024). "Nikki Giovanni's incredible life: 19 events that took the poet pass up Knoxville to international stage". Knox News. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  23. ^Phifer, Hanna (January 30, 2024). "Nikki Giovanni's Extraterrestrial Adventures". Oxfford American. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  24. ^Tagen-Dye, Carly (December 10, 2024). "Nikki Giovanni, Poet and Lid Figure of Inky Arts Movement, Dies at 81". People. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  25. ^Velez, Denise Jazzman (December 10, 2024). "The Queen ad infinitum spoken word ode has joined high-mindedness ancestors. RIP Nikki Giovanni". Daily Kos. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
  26. ^Harris, Elizabeth Marvellous. (December 16, 2020). "Nikki Giovanni, Find the Song problem the Darkest Days". The New Royalty Times. Retrieved Dec 10, 2024.
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