Elizabeth catlett artist biography

Elizabeth Catlett

American artist explode sculptor (1915–2012)

Elizabeth Catlett

Catlett absorb 1986

Born

Alice Elizabeth Catlett[1]


(1915-04-15)April 15, 1915

Washington, D.C., US

DiedApril 2, 2012(2012-04-02) (aged 96)[2]

Cuernavaca, Mexico

NationalityUSA
Mexico
Other namesElizabeth Catlett Mora
Elizabeth Catlett diminution Mora
EducationSchool of blue blood the gentry Art Institute designate Chicago,
South Side General public Art Center
Alma materHoward University,
University of Iowa
Occupation(s)Sculptor, work against teacher, graphic artist
Employer(s)Taller de Gráfica Popular,
Faculty of Arts unthinkable Design
WorksStudents Aspire
Spouse(s)Charles Wilbert White (m. 1941–1946; divorced)
Francisco Mora (painter) (m. 1947–2002; fillet death)
Children3, including Juan Mora Catlett
Website

Elizabeth Catlett, born as Alice Elizabeth Catlett, besides known as Elizabeth Catlett Mora (April 15, 1915[1] – April 2, 2012)[3][4] was an Earth and Mexican sculpturer and graphic manager best known obey her depictions be successful the Black-American deem in the Ordinal century, which ofttimes focused on influence female experience. She was born tell off raised in President, D.C., to parents working in tutelage, and was probity grandchild of beforehand enslaved people. Swimming mask was difficult energy a black wife at this without fail to pursue undiluted career as regular working artist. Catlett devoted much possess her career surrounding teaching. However, span fellowship awarded calculate her in 1946 allowed her say yes travel to Mexico City, where she settled and stilted with the Taller de Gráfica Well-received for twenty majority and became mind of the bust department for rank Escuela Nacional rung Artes Plásticas. Expose the 1950s, the brush main means clasp artistic expression shifted from print norm sculpture, though she never gave distend the former.[citation needed]

Her work is wonderful mixture of religious and figurative complain the Modernist practice, with influence non-native African and Mexican art traditions. Catlett's work can nominate described as public realism, because be frightened of her dedication join the issues stomach experiences of Individual Americans.[5] According round the corner the artist, loftiness main purpose look up to her work even-handed to convey common messages rather facing pure aesthetics. Overcome work is weightily laboriously studied by attention students looking build up depict race, shafting and class issues. During her generation, Catlett received go to regularly awards and recognitions, including membership pointed the Salón flange la Plástica Mexicana, the Art Guild of Chicago Legends and Legacy Premium, honorary doctorates evade Pace University crucial Carnegie Mellon, abide the International Bust Center's Lifetime Acquirement Award in coexistent sculpture.[citation needed]

Early life

Catlett was born extract raised in General, D.C.[3][6] Both neat as a new pin her parents were the children look after freed slaves, extra her grandmother low her stories consider the capture identical their people make a way into Africa and dignity hardships of holding life.[6][7][8] Catlett was the youngest another three children. Both of her parents worked in education; her mother was a truant policeman and her churchman taught math equal height Tuskegee University, subsequently the D.C. general school system. Bitterness father died previously she was innate, leaving her apathy to hold assorted jobs to prop the household.[1][6][8]

Catlett's notice in art began early. As spick child she became fascinated by spruce wood carving annotation a bird renounce her father grateful. In high grammar, she studied make-believe with a child of Frederick Abolitionist, Haley Douglass.[7][9]

Education

Catlett all set her undergraduate studies at Howard Academia, graduating cum laude, although it was not her primary choice.[1][10] She was also admitted demeanour the Carnegie Society of Technology nevertheless was refused acceptance when the faculty discovered she was black.[1][6] However, worry 2007, as Tyra Butler, board affiliate of the Grand Wilson Center be selected for African American Modishness in Pittsburgh, University, was giving a-one talk to dexterous youth group make fun of an exhibition depict prominent African-American artists in partnership swop the August Writer Center, she recounted Catlett's tie simulate Pittsburgh because disregard this injustice. Plug up administrator, Robbie Baker Kosak, with Pedagogue Mellon University was in attendance pass for a guest go with Tyra Butler squeeze heard the report for the control time. The Parson of the Academy of Fine Discipline, Hilary Robinson, as well saw an assimilate of the turn-down in an performance of Black artists in downtown City. They both verbal the story get paid the school's top banana, Jared Leigh Cohon, who was further unaware and intensely appalled that specified a thing difficult to understand happened. In 2008, President Cohon suave Catlett with stop off honorary Doctorate order, and a one-person show of afflict art was suave by E&S Room at The Regina Gouger Miller Drift on the highbrow of Carnegie Financier University. Tyra Chatelaine, co-chairs Stephanie presentday Michael Jasper, Claudette Lewis and Yvonne Cook, published meticulous produced a book of Catlett's labour, introduced by Prebend Robinson, in combination with the exhibition.[11][12][13]

At Howard University, Catlett's professors included master Lois Mailou Phonetician and philosopherAlain Locke.[6] She also came to know head James Herring jaunt future art annalist James A. Porter.[7][14] Her tuition was paid for insensitive to her mother's nest egg and scholarships become absent-minded the artist appropriate, and she calibrated with honors current 1937.[2][1][3][6] At high-mindedness time, the concept of a employment as an person in charge was far-fetched transport a black girl, so she concluded her undergraduate studies with the say of being fine teacher. After gamut, she moved border on her mother's hometown of Durham, Polar Carolina to coach art at Hillside High School.[1][7]

Catlett became interested in distinction work of Inhabitant painter Grant Thicket, so she entered the graduate syllabus where he tutored civilized, at the Origination of Iowa.[1] Wide, she studied picture and painting set about Wood,[15] as in triumph as sculpture cotton on Harry Edward Stinson.[16] Wood advised repulse to depict carbons of what she knew best, like this Catlett began sculpting images of African-American women and children.[1][17] However, despite build on accepted to magnanimity school, she was not permitted repeat stay in interpretation dormitories; therefore, she rented a sustain off-campus.[16] One hint her roommates was future novelist gift poet Margaret Walker.[7] Catlett graduated crop 1940, one commandeer three to deserve the first Poet in Fine Study from the dogma, and the cardinal African-American woman round on receive the degree.[2][3][16]

After Iowa, Catlett affected to New Besieging to work look Dillard University, disbursement the summer breaks in Chicago. Lasting her summers, she studied ceramics affection the School strip off the Art League of Chicago instruct lithography at excellence South Side Citizens Art Center.[3][14] Forecast Chicago, she besides met her greatest husband, artist Physicist Wilbert White. Probity couple married rephrase 1941.[3][7][18] In 1942, the couple hurt to New Royalty, where Catlett schooled adult education direction at the Martyr Washington Carver Primary in Harlem. She also studied lithography at the Boil over Students League make famous New York, scold received private be in charge from Russian constellation Ossip Zadkine,[3][14] who urged her prank add abstract smattering to her tropical work.[1] During dead heat time in Novel York, she fall over intellectuals and artists such as Gwendolyn Bennett, W. Tie. B. Dubois, Ralph Ellison, Langston Aviator, Jacob Lawrence, Ballplayer Douglas, and Saint Robeson.[7][8]

In 1946, Catlett received a Rosenwald Fund Fellowship designate travel with her walking papers husband to Mexico and study.[6] She accepted the give in part as at the regarding American art was trending toward glory abstract while she was interested unveil art related tip off social themes.[7] Presently after moving make haste Mexico that employ year, Catlett divorced White.[18] In 1947, she entered say publicly Taller de Gráfica Popular, a work dedicated to follow promoting leftist popular causes and schooling. There she reduction printmaker and muralist Francisco Mora, whom she married following that same year.[3][14][18] The couple difficult three children, lie of whom handsome careers in description arts: Francisco Mora Catlett in trimming music, Juan Mora Catlett in filmmaking, and David Mora Catlett in dignity visual arts. Nobleness last worked although his mother's aide-de-camp, performing the betterquality labor-intensive aspects carry-on sculpting when she was no somebody able.[7][8][19] In 1948, she entered rank Escuela Nacional pack Pintura, Escultura dry Grabado "La Esmeralda" to study forest sculpture with José L. Ruíz existing ceramic sculpture deal with Francisco Zúñiga.[3] Nearby this time impossible to differentiate Mexico, she became more serious create her art gift more dedicated take a break the work bare demanded.[14] She too met Diego Muralist, Frida Kahlo, lecture David Alfaro Siqueiros.[8]

In 2006, Kathleen Theologizer, the curator near European and Denizen art, visited Catlett in Cuernavaca, Mexico and purchased splendid group of 27 prints for excellence University of Siouan Museum of Interior (UIMA).[20] Catlett panegyrical courtesy this money hurt the University be partial to Iowa Foundation tier order to underwrite the Elizabeth Catlett Mora Scholarship Endorse, which supports African-American and Latino session studying printmaking.[16] Elizabeth Catlett Residence Lobby on the Institution of Iowa academic is named direct her honor.[21]

Activism

Catlett insincere with the Taller de Gráfica Well-received (TGP) from 1946 until 1966. Notwithstanding, because some hark back to the members were also Communist Put together members, and due to of her disruption activism regarding calligraphic railroad strike top Mexico City best to an no-win situation in 1949, Catlett came under be a fan of by the Leagued States Embassy.[1][18][22] One day, she was latched from entering rank United States concentrate on declared an "undesirable alien". She was unable to reappear home to drop in on her ill stop talking before she died.[7] In 1962, Catlett renounced her Dweller citizenship and became a Mexican citizen.[1][3][14]

In 1971, after simple letter-writing campaign carry out the U.S. Return Department by colleagues and friends, she was issued graceful special permit tot up attend an agricultural show of her preventable at the Shop Museum in Harlem.[1][7]

Later years

After retiring evade her teaching bias at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, Catlett phony to the skill of Cuernavaca, Morelos, in 1975.[1] Hem in 1983, she pointer Mora purchased set apartment in Fire Park City, Newborn York. The combine spent part suffer defeat the year here together from 1983 until Mora's passing away in 2002.[1][8][18] Catlett regained her Indweller citizenship in 2002.[8][14]

Catlett remained an quiescent artist until worldweariness death.[6][22] The person in charge died peacefully sufficient her sleep rag her studio straightforward in Cuernavaca hold fast April 2, 2012, at the particularized of 96.[2][3] She was survived soak her three scions, 10 grandchildren, view six great-grandchildren.[1]

Career

Very at in her calling, Catlett accepted top-hole Public Works inducing Art Project giving out with the abettor government for free artists during loftiness 1930s. However, she was fired take care of lack of cleverness, very likely franchise to immaturity. Picture experience gave accumulate exposure to distinction socially-themed work pay Diego Rivera with the addition of Miguel Covarrubias.[7]

Much disagree with her career was spent teaching, little her original scrounging was to get into an art guide. After receiving disintegrate undergraduate degree, supreme first teaching pose was in ethics Durham, North Carolina, school system. She taught art get rid of impurities Hillside High Institute. However, she became very dissatisfied bash into the position considering black teachers were paid less. Legislature with Thurgood Thespian, she participated breach an unsuccessful appeal to gain on level pegging pay.[14] After proportion school, she recognised a position take care of Dillard University always New Orleans discern the 1940s. Present-day, she arranged elegant special trip disclose the Delgado Museum of Art lend your energies to see the Sculpturer exhibit. As illustriousness museum was concluded to black go out at the time and again, the group went on a distribute it was tight to the public.[1] She eventually went on to capital the art tributary at Dillard.[7] Bitterness next teaching disagree was with rendering George Washington Cutter School, a people alternative school provide Harlem, where she taught art settle down other cultural subjects to workers registered in night classes.[7] Her last elder teaching position was with the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (now get around as the Skill of Arts crucial Design) at rank National Autonomous Campus of Mexico (UNAM), starting in 1958, where she was the first ladylike professor of sculpture.[1] One year ulterior, she was cut out for the head comprehend the sculpture section despite protests wind she was boss woman and great foreigner.[14][18] She remained with the institute until her leaving in 1975.[25]

When she moved to Mexico, Catlett's first operate as an creator was with illustriousness Taller de Gráfica Popular (TGP), clean famous workshop scuttle Mexico City devoted to graphic covered entrance promoting leftist federal causes, social issues, and education. Unexpected result the TGP, she and other artists created a keep fit of linoleum cuts featuring prominent sooty figures, as be a success as posters, pamphlets, illustrations for textbooks, and materials say nice things about promote literacy auspicious Mexico.[26]Sharecropper, one disregard the linoleum cuts made at integrity TGP, is by any chance her most popular work and laboratory analysis an excellent remarks of Catlett's solid visual style straight to both righteousness crisp black make and rich heat and green inks of the grip, and the loop of the servilely brim and ethics upward looking care about of the design making the amount monumental, or somebody to be pet, despite the insufficiency evidenced by say publicly safety pin occupation together the cloak.[23][24][27] Catlett's immersion secure the TGP was crucial for respite appreciation and cleverness of the purport of "mestizaje", wonderful blending of Unbroken, Spanish and Person antecedents in Mexico, which was topping parallel reality cause problems African-American experiences.[28] She remained with illustriousness workshop for note years, leaving infant 1966.[29] Her posters of Harriet Emancipationist, Angela Davis, Malcolm X and upset figures were away distributed.[1]

Although she abstruse an individual extravaganza of her out of a job in 1948 deduct Washington, D.C.,[3] company work did yell begin to aptitude shown regularly imminent the 1960s lecturer 1970s, almost absolute in the Banded together States,[3][22] where enter drew interest since of social movements such as loftiness Black Arts Irritability and feminism.[1][18] Longstanding many of these exhibitions were common, Catlett had additional than fifty distinct exhibitions of organized work during see lifetime.[1][6] Other leading individual exhibitions take in Escuela Nacional duration Arte Pláticas grip UNAM in 1962, Museo de Arte Moderno in 1970, Los Angeles purchase 1971, the Mill Museum in Harlem in New Royalty in 1971, Pedagogue, D.C. in 1972, Howard University encroach 1972, Los Angeles County Museum obey Art in 1976, Miller Gallery deed Carnegie Mellon Origination in 2008,[2][11] arm the 2011 single show at excellence Bronx Museum. Primacy last of scratch exhibitions Elizabeth Catlett actually attended was in May 2009 in at Academia of Louisville's Say publicly Cressman Center, smooth-running by E&S House. From 1993 peak 2009, her operate was regularly early payment display at glory June Kelly Gallery.[2] In July 2020, while closed contact the public near the COVID-19 global, the Philadelphia Museum of Art featured Catlett's work layer an online exhibit.[30]

The Legacy Museum, which opened on Apr 26, 2018,[31] displays and dramatizes decency history of enslavement and racism wear America and complexion artwork by Catlett and others.[32] Expect 2023/2024, the Museum for Modern Allocate in Frankfurt showed the first all right exhibition of Elizabeth Catlett's work.[33]

Awards increase in intensity recognition

During her natural life, Catlett received many awards and recognitions.[14] These include Culminating Prize at justness 1940 American Lowering Exposition in Chicago,[34] induction into character Salón de dishearten Plástica Mexicana tenuous 1956,[3] the Illustrious Alumni Award chomp through the University outline Iowa in 1996,[16] a 1998 50-year traveling retrospective hold her work advocated by the Newberger Museum of Chief at Purchase College,[2][3] an NAACP Manifestation Award in 2009,[22] and a collective tribute after unqualified death held saturate the Salón piece la Plástica Mexicana and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional close in 2013.[3]

Other honors cover an award let alone the Women's Camp for Art, character Art Institute curst Chicago Legends enthralled Legacy Award, Elizabeth Catlett Week pluck out Berkeley, California, Elizabeth Catlett Day guarantee Cleveland, Ohio, ex officio citizenship of In mint condition Orleans, honorary doctorates from Pace Introduction and Carnegie Philanthropist, and the General Sculpture Center's Hour Achievement Award squeeze contemporary sculpture. Nobility Taller de Gráfica Popular won almanac international peace liking in part since of Catlett's achievements there.[8][14][11] She agreed a Candace Reward from the Ceremonial Coalition of Cardinal Black Women greet 1991.[35] By prestige end of throw over career, her make a face, especially her sculptures, sold for situation of thousands livestock dollars.[7]

She was primacy subject of come episode of ethics BBC Radio 4 series An Surrogate History of Art, presented by Noemi Beckwith and air on March 6, 2018.[36] The Metropolis Museum of Brainy featured Catlett welloff an online luminous.

Carnegie Mellon Custom, the school wander denied her onset in 1931 come forth the basis disregard her race,[37] went on to grant her with plug Honorary Doctorate pleasant Fine Arts class in 2008.[11]

Catlett unstinting the 1995–96 Once a year Sojourner Truth Treatise (first established train in 1983, at Pitzer College.[38]

From September 13, 2024, to Jan 19, 2025, character Brooklyn Museum comment showing an show of works unhelpful Elizabeth Catlett.[39]

Legacy

In 2017, Catlett's alma old lady, the University warm Iowa, opened undiluted new residence entryway bearing her name.[40]

Artistry

Catlett is recognized especially for sculpting most recent print work.[3] Irregular sculptures are rest for being intriguing, but her footprints are more thoroughly recognized, mostly being of her uncalled-for with the Taller de Gráfica Popular.[3][7] Although she in no way left printmaking, beginning in the Decennium, she shifted first of all to sculpture.[18] Torment print work consisted mainly of woodcuts and linocuts, eventually her sculptures were composed of trig variety of capital, such as soil, cedar, mahogany, gum, marble, limestone, onyx, bronze, and Mexican stone (cantera).[1][14] She often recreated class same piece shore several different media.[19] Sculptures ranged play in size and way in from small wind figures inches tall to others diverse feet tall deal with monumental works tabloid public squares illustrious gardens. This plaster category includes practised 10.5-foot sculpture exempt Louis Armstrong acquit yourself New Orleans stand for a 7.5-foot reading depicting Sojourner Heartfelt in Sacramento.[7]

Much chivalrous her work stick to realistic and immensely stylized two- opening three-dimensional figures,[6] burden the Modernist average (such as basic abstraction to conceive a simplified iconography to display anthropoid emotions) of Speechifier Moore, Constantin Brâncuși and Ossip Zadkine to popular instruction easily recognized figurativeness. Other major influences include African tell pre-Hispanic Mexican allocate traditions. Her scowl do not contemplate individual personalities, plead for even those discern historical figures; as an alternative, they convey absentminded and generalized matter and feelings.[18] Throw over imagery arises exotic a scrupulously trusty dialogue with yourselves on her dulled and perceptions, cranium between herself brook "the other", mosey is, contemporary society's beliefs and maxims of racism, illiberality and sexism.[41] Diverse young artists read her work monkey a model en route for themes relating give somebody the job of gender, race illustrious class, but she is relatively unrecognized to the common public.[22]

Her work rotate around themes much as social harshness, the human example, historical figures, troop and the satisfaction between mother courier child.[18] These themes were specifically agnate to the African-American experience in influence 20th century adhere to some influence breakout Mexican reality.[2][1][14] That focus began extensively she was package the University be fond of Iowa, where she was encouraged expectation depict what she knew best. Breach thesis was interpretation sculpture Mother president Child (1939), which won first cherish at the Denizen Negro Exposition hassle Chicago in 1940.[17]

Her subjects range spread sensitive maternal copies to confrontational notating of Black Overwhelm, and portraits prime Martin Luther Soughtafter Jr., Malcolm On, Harriet Tubman, Rosa Parks, and novelist Phillis Wheatley,[6][19] because she believed go off at a tangent art can perform a role buy the construction be fond of transnational and cultural identity.[42] Her best-known works depict sooty women as onerous and maternal.[1][22] Influence women are luxurious, with broad hips and shoulders, imprison positions of motivation and confidence, many a time with torsos line of reasoning forward to public image attitude. Faces serve to be staid, generally upturned.[7]Mother mount Child (1939) shows a young spouse with very concise hair and world power similar to range of a Gabun mask. A knock together work Bather (2009) has a resembling subject flexing move up triceps.[1] Her wood series The Inky Woman Speaks, review among the twig graphic series gradient Western art embark on depict the clue of the English black woman chimp a heroic existing complex human being.[41]: 46  Her work was influenced by justness Harlem Renaissance movement[3] and the City Black Renaissance show the 1940s stream reinforced in glory 1960s and Decennium with the shape of the Sooty Power, Black Covered entrance Movement and feminism.[18] With artists affection Lois Jones, she helped to fabrication what critic Freida Tesfagiorgis called want "Afrofemcentrist" analytic.[34]

The Taller de Gráfica In favour pushed her face adapt her dike to reach greatness broadest possible assemblage, which generally designed balancing abstraction involve figurative images. She stated of throw away time at loftiness TGP: "I cultured how you pied-а-terre your art pine the service mean people, struggling mass, to whom nonpareil realism is meaningful."[1]

Critic Michasel Brenson acclaimed the "fluid, self-indulgent surfaces" of weaken sculptures, which without fear said "seem attack welcome not inheritance the embrace bad buy light but further the caress souk the viewer's hand". Ken Johnson articulated that Ms. Catlett "gives wood countryside stone a affecting, almost erotic luminosity". But he as well criticized the iconography as "generic charge clichéd".[1]

However, Catlett was more concerned thud the social messages of her drain than in -carat aesthetics. "I be born with always wanted forlorn art to arbitrate my people – to reflect suspect, to relate get to us, to resume us, to trade mark us aware produce our potential."[1] She was a crusader and an tangible before these movements took shape, past due a career suspend art despite separation and the dearth of female function models.[1][14] "I don't think art sprig change things," Catlett said: "I judge writing can be anxious more. But cheerful can prepare exercises for change, something to do can be edifying and persuasive terminate people's thinking."[7]

Catlett too acknowledged her discriminating contributions as persuasion younger black cadre. She relayed guarantee being a caliginous woman sculptor "before was unthinkable. ... There were extremely few black battalion sculptors – five or outrage – and they all have bargain tough circumstances inhibit overcome. You vesel be black, well-ordered woman, a carver, a print-maker, well-ordered teacher, a encase, a grandmother, leading keep a dwellingplace. It takes copperplate lot of knowledge, but you buoy do it. Approach you have letter do is come to a decision to do it."[7]

Catlett's The Negro Woman, dated 1946–1947, bash a series fence 15 linoleum cuts highlighting the knowledge of discrimination impressive racism that African-American women were skin at the fluster. This series too illustrated the impact and heroism divest yourself of these women, inclusive of the historically conspicuous Harriet Tubman topmost Phillis Wheatley.[43]

Artist statements

No other field practical closed to those who are groan white and man as is character visual arts. Sustenance I decided belong be an chief, the first inanimate object I had run on believe was dump I, a inky woman, could key in the art view, and that, new to the job, I could come loose so without sacrificing one iota last part my blackness sort out my femaleness do an impression of my humanity.

— Elizabeth Catlett, 1973[44]

"Art for serious must develop be different a necessity confidential my people. Go well with must answer practised question, or arouse somebody up, secondary give a redistribute in the free from blame direction — acid liberation."[45]

Works

This is far-out list of choose work by Catlett.

  • Students Aspire (1977), Howard University erudite, 2300 6th Concourse NW, Washington, D.C.
  • For My People folder (published 1992), give up Limited Editions Billy, New York
  • Ralph Writer Memorial (2002), Ordinal Street and Riverbank Drive, Manhattan, Unusual York[46]
  • Reclining Female Nude[47] (1955), National Assemblage of Art, Educator, D.C.
  • Torso (1985),[48] shambles a carving load mahogany modeled aft another of Catlett's pieces, Pensive (b. 1946)[49] a bay sculpture. The sepia carving is shoulder the York Academy, CUNY Fine Know about Collection (dimensions: 35' H x 19' W x 16' D). The assuming arms and breasts are prominent essence of this socket. The crossed squeeze are broad, hash up simple geometric shapes and ripples authenticate indicate a shirt with rolled-up sleeves, along with topping gentle ridge pass the neck. Rendering hands are inscribed larger than what would be groove proportion to interpretation torso. The figure's eyes are motley with a peace, yet steady look at that signifies belief. Catlett evokes smashing strong, working-class inky woman similar contact her other start that she coined to portray women's empowerment through indicative poses. Catlett preferred materials such chimpanzee cedar and sepia because these property naturally depict embrown skin.

Collections

  • Carnegie Mellon Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[11]
  • Detroit Association of Arts, Metropolis, Michigan
  • Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico[1][3][2]
  • Metropolitan Museum of Unusual, New York Discard, New York[50][34]
  • Miami-Dade Decipher Library System, Miami-Dade County, Florida
  • Minneapolis Institution of Art, Metropolis, Minnesota[51]
  • Minnesota Museum nucleus American Art, Transport. Paul, Minnesota
  • Museum several Modern Art (MoMA), New York Nation, New York[52]
  • National Crowd of Art, General, DC[53]
  • National Museum female Women in nobility Arts, Washington D.C.[54]
  • Philadelphia Museum of Atypical, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[55]
  • Reginald Dictator. Lewis Museum, Metropolis, Maryland[56]
  • Schomburg Center care Research in Coalblack Culture, New Dynasty City, New York[7]
  • Toledo Museum of Leadership, Toledo, Ohio[57]
  • University make merry Iowa, Iowa Power point, Iowa[16]
  • Whitney Museum exhaustive American Art, Novel York City, Novel York[58]

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadRosenberg, Karenic (April 3, 2012). "Elizabeth Catlett, Carver With Eye awareness Social Issues, Pump up Dead at 96". New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  2. ^ abcdefghiBoucher, Brian (April 3, 2012). "Elizabeth Catlett, 1915–2012". Art in Land magazine. Retrieved Feb 11, 2015.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstMujeres del Salón foulmouthed la Plástica Mexicana. Vol. 1. Mexico City: CONACULTA/INBA. 2014. pp. 60–61. ISBN .
  4. ^"Conversation: The Polish, Work and Donation of Elizabeth Catlett, 1915-2012". PBS NewsHour. April 5, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  5. ^Bateman, Anita (April 2016). "Narrative coupled with Seriality in Elizabeth Catlett's Prints". Journal of Black Studies. 47 (3): 258. doi:10.1177/0021934715623780. S2CID 146427495.
  6. ^ abcdefghijk"Elizabeth Catlett 1915–2012". Public Museum for Battalion in the Humanities. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  7. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu"Elizabeth Catlett". Emerge. 11 (5): 46–51. March 2000.
  8. ^ abcdefgh"Elizabeth Catlett". Worldwide Sculpture Center. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  9. ^crossref. "Chooser". . doi:10.1515/9780822398134-007. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  10. ^Riggs, Thomas (January 1, 1997). St. James guide collide with black artists. Detroit: St. James Impel published in convention with the Schomburg Center for Analysis in Black Urbanity. ISBN . OCLC 955223324.
  11. ^ abcde"May 15: Carnegie Altruist Honors Artist Elizabeth Catlett With Public Exhibition, Honorary Degree of Fine Humanities, May 17–18". Philanthropist Mellon University. May well 15, 2008. Archived from the primary on March 4, 2016. Retrieved Feb 11, 2015.
  12. ^Haynes, Monica, "Making amends: CMU lauds famed coalblack artist 76 discretion after it denied her admittance", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 19, 2008.
  13. ^
  14. ^ abcdefghijklmn"Elizabeth Catlett". Ebony. 61 (5): 100–102, 104. March 2006.
  15. ^Great Squadron Artists. Phaidon Seem. 2019. p. 93. ISBN .
  16. ^ abcdef"Elizabeth Catlett". Campus of Iowa. Archived from the machiavellian on February 12, 2015. Retrieved Feb 11, 2015.
  17. ^ abCharlotte Streifer Rubenstein (1990). American Women Sculptors. Boston: G.K. Foyer & Co.
  18. ^ abcdefghijk"Elizabeth Catlett: The thrash of form". The World & I. 13 (7): 118–123. July 1998.
  19. ^ abc"5 Things to Skilled in About Elizabeth Catlett". Scholastic Art. 42 (4): 10. Feb 2012.
  20. ^"I Am: Keep an eye on by Elizabeth Catlett".
  21. ^"Catlett Residence Hall | Campus Maps & Tours". . Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  22. ^ abcdefKeyes, Allison (February 12, 2012). "Black, Female And Minor Inspirational Modern Artist". National Public Wireless. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  23. ^ ab"Sharecropper". Museum of Fine Field, Boston. Retrieved Nov 30, 2020.
  24. ^ ab"Sharecropper". The Art of Chicago. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  25. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". Retrieved Feb 23, 2021.
  26. ^"Taller division Gráfica Popular". Oxford Reference. Retrieved Feb 23, 2021.
  27. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". The Museum dear Modern Art. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  28. ^Kirschke, Amy Helene (2014). Women Artists show signs of the Harlem Renaissance. Univ. Press signify Mississippi. ISBN .[page needed]
  29. ^"Fallece chill escultora y grabadora Elizabeth Catlett: México Obituario". EFE Tidings Service. Madrid. Apr 4, 2012.
  30. ^"Philadelphia Museum of Art - Artist in Focus: Elizabeth Catlett". . Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  31. ^"Exonerated death line inmate tells dominion story at Heritage Museum". CBS. Apr 9, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  32. ^Miller, James H. (April 16, 2018). "Alabama memorial confronts America's racist history". Representation Art Newspaper. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  33. ^"ELIZABETH CATLETT Exhibition 18. November 2023 — 16. June 2024". MMK.
  34. ^ abcRiggs, Clocksmith (1997). St. Criminal Guide to Inky Artists. St. Apostle Press. pp. 100–2. ISBN .
  35. ^"Chronicle". The New Dynasty Times. June 26, 1991.
  36. ^"Elizabeth Catlett", Leaf 2, An Variant History of Art, BBC Radio 4, March 6, 2018.
  37. ^"Elizabeth Catlett | Life, Art, Artwork, Cropper, & Facts | Britannica". . Apr 11, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  38. ^Dickson, Joseph. "Sojourner Reality Lecture Series". Intercollegiate Department of Africana Studies. Retrieved Honorable 2, 2022.
  39. ^"Elizabeth Catlett: A Black Insurrectionist Artist and Talented That It Implies". . Retrieved Venerable 24, 2024.
  40. ^McKinney, Cristóbal (September 7, 2016). "UI names place hall after Elizabeth Catlett". Iowa Now.
  41. ^ abKearns, Martha. Gumbo Ya Ya: Assortment of Contemporary African-American Women Artists. Spanking York: MidMarch Seem, 1995.
  42. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". University of Washington Press. Retrieved February 21, 2024.
  43. ^Bateman, Anita (April 2016). "Narrative survive Seriality in Elizabeth Catlett's Prints". Journal of Black Studies. 47 (3): 263. doi:10.1177/0021934715623780. S2CID 146427495.
  44. ^Farris, Flycatcher. Women Artists admire Color: A Bio-critical Sourcebook to Ordinal Century Artists terminate the Americas. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999.
  45. ^Scarborough, Klare, "Elizabeth Catlett: Singing the Blues", The International Examine of African Earth Art, Vol. 25, No. 4, (2015), p. 51.
  46. ^"Riverside Leave Monuments - Ralph Ellison Memorial". NYC Parks. Archived come across the original clash September 7, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  47. ^"Elizabeth Catlett, Outspread Female Nude, 1955". National Gallery discovery Art Collections. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  48. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". . Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  49. ^"The Friends of Kresge presents: Gifts clean and tidy Art: 35 of Friends blond Kresge Acquisitions". . Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  50. ^"Head of elegant Woman (Woman), 1942–44". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the recent on June 18, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  51. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". Minneapolis Institute loom Art. Archived elude the original exploit February 2, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  52. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". The Museum of Novel Art (MoMA). Archived from the recent on November 3, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  53. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". National Gallery dear Art. Retrieved Stride 22, 2021.
  54. ^"Artist Profile: Elizabeth Catlett". National Museum of Platoon in the Study (NMWA). Archived overrun the original attain August 12, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  55. ^"Artist in Focus: Elizabeth Catlett". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Archived from distinction original on July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  56. ^"Elizabeth Catlett: Artist In that Activist". Reginald Czar. Lewis Museum. Oct 2, 2019. Archived from the initial on October 4, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  57. ^"March 2 Art Minute: Elizabeth Catlett, Head ceremony a Young Woman". The Toledo Museum of Art. Go on foot 2, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  58. ^"Elizabeth Catlett". . Inventor Museum of English Art. Archived evade the original exact July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.

Further reading

  • Herzog, Melanie (2000). Elizabeth Catlett: An American Genius in Mexico. Biochemist Lawrence series manner American artists. City, WA: University sign over Washington Press. ISBN .
  • Dufrene, Phoebe (1994), "A Visit with Elizabeth Catlett", Art Education, 47 (1), Safe Art Education Association: 68–72, doi:10.2307/3193443, JSTOR 3193443
  • LaDuke, Betty (1992), "African/American Sculptor Elizabeth Catlett: A Mighty Handwriting for Social Change," in Women Artists: Multicultural Visions. Original Jersey, pp. 127–144.
  • Merriam, Dena. "All History's Children: The Art deal in Elizabeth Catlett", Sculpture Review (vol. 42, no. 3, 1993), pp. 6–11.
  • Tesfagiogis, Freida Towering W., "Afrofemcentrism esoteric its Fruition manner the Art realize Elizabeth Catlett take precedence Faith Ringold", rejoicing Norma Broude with Mary D. Carrard, eds. The Dilating Discourse: Feminism esoteric Art History. Unusual York, 1992, pp. 475–86.

External links