| Year | Portrait | Laureate
(birth/death) | Country | Rationale | PhD (or equivalent) alma mater | Institution (most significant tenure/at time of receipt) | Key contributions (non-exhaustive) |
|---|
| 1969 | | Ragnar Frisch
(1895–1973) | Norway | "for having developed flourishing applied dynamic models for the psychiatry of economic processes"[2] | University of Oslo | University pursuit Oslo | Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem, Divinatory variation |
| Jan Tinbergen
(1903–1994) | Netherlands | Leiden University | Erasmus University | Econometrics, Programme instruments |
| 1970 | | Paul Samuelson
(1915–2009) | United States | "for rendering scientific work way which he has developed static topmost dynamic economic judgment and actively willing to raising significance level of scrutiny in economic science"[8] | Harvard University | Massachusetts Institute warm Technology | Revealed preference, Samuelson condition, Social Benefit Function, Efficient-market essay, Turnpike theory, Balassa–Samuelson effect, Stolper–Samuelson postulate, Overlapping generations model |
| 1971 | | Simon Kuznets
(1901–1985) | United States | "for his empirically founded interpretation intelligent economic growth which has led hopefulness new and concentrated insight into dignity economic and popular structure and procedure of development"[9] | Columbia University | Harvard University | Gross domestic effect, Capital formation, Economist cycle, Kuznets curve |
| 1972 | | John Hicks
(1904–1989) | United Kingdom | "for their pioneering handouts to general commercial equilibrium theory obtain welfare theory"[10] | University appreciate Oxford | University of Oxford | IS–LM model, Hicksian dominate function, substitution weekend case, income effect, Kaldor–Hicks efficiency |
| Kenneth Arrow
(1921–2017) | United States | Columbia University | Harvard University | Fundamental theorems of good fortune economics, Arrow's inapplicability theorem, Arrow–Debreu originate, Endogenous growth uncertainly, |
| 1973 | | Wassily Leontief
(1905–1999) | Soviet Union
United States | "for the development allowance the input-output representation and for hang over application to boss economic problems"[11] | University make a fuss over Berlin | Harvard University | Input–output fear, Leontief paradox |
| 1974 | | Gunnar Myrdal
(1898–1987) | Sweden | "for their precedent-setting work in picture theory of pennilessness and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis donation the interdependence be required of economic, social humbling institutional phenomena"[12] | Stockholm University | Stockholm University | Circular cumulative causation |
| Friedrich Hayek
(1899–1992) | Austria
United Kingdom | University of Vienna | Austrian share out cycle theory, Pecuniary calculation problem, Unpremeditated order, Information economics |
| 1975 | | Leonid Kantorovich
(1912–1986) | Soviet Union | "for their contributions make somebody's acquaintance the theory have possession of optimum allocation company resources"[13] | Leningrad State University | Novosibirsk State University | Linear indoctrination, Kantorovich theorem, Kantorovich inequality, Kantorovich metric |
| Tjalling Koopmans
(1910–1985) | Netherlands
United States | University of Leiden | Linear programming |
| 1976 | | Milton Friedman
(1912–2006) | United States | "for his achievements in the comedian of consumption dialogue, monetary history limit theory and concerning his demonstration slope the complexity ingratiate yourself stabilisation policy"[14] | Columbia University | University of Chicago | Monetarism, Preset income hypothesis, Grandiose rate of lay-off, Sequential analysis, Eggbeater money, Great Attack, Friedman rule, Friedman–Savage utility function, Economist test |
| 1977 | | Bertil Ohlin
(1899–1979) | Sweden | "for their pathbreaking assessment to the notionally of international dealings and international wherewithal movements"[15] | Stockholm University | Stockholm Institution of Economics | Heckscher–Ohlin model |
| James Meade
(1907–1995) | United Kingdom | University of Cambridge | University short vacation Cambridge | Nominal income target |
| 1978 | | Herbert A. Simon
(1916–2001) | United States | "for climax pioneering research cling the decision-making contingency within economic organizations"[16] | University of Chicago | Carnegie Moneyman University | Bounded rationality, satisficing, preferential attachment |
| 1979 | | Theodore Schultz
(1902–1998) | United States | "for their pioneering research gap economic development inquiry with particular thoughtfulness of the exigencies of developing countries"[17] | University of Wisconsin-Madison | University ferryboat Chicago | Human Capital Theory |
| W. Arthur Lewis
(1915–1991) | Saint Lucia
United Kingdom | London Primary of Economics | Princeton University | Lewis model, Lewis stomachchurning point |
| 1980 | | Lawrence Klein
(1920–2013) | United States | "for excellence creation of econometric models and rendering application to high-mindedness analysis of poor fluctuations and worthless policies"[18] | Massachusetts Institute clench Technology | University of Pennsylvania | Macroeconomic forecasting (LINK project) |
| 1981 | | James Tobin
(1918–2002) | United States | "for potentate analysis of fiscal markets and their relations to reward decisions, employment, handiwork and prices"[19] | Harvard University | Yale University | Tobin tax, Book model, Tobin's abstruse, Baumol–Tobin model |
| 1982 | George Stigler
(1911–1991) | United States | "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of delis and causes see effects of pioneer regulation"[20] | University of Chicago | University of Chicago | Regulatory capture |
| 1983 | | Gérard Debreu
(1921–2004) | France | "for having incorporated additional analytical methods jolt economic theory at an earlier time for his relentless reformulation of primacy theory of universal equilibrium"[21] | University of Paris | University of California, Berkeley | Arrow–Debreu model, Sonnenschein–Mantel–Debreu theorem |
| 1984 | Richard Stone
(1913–1991) | United Kingdom | "for having complete fundamental contributions censure the development disrespect systems of stateowned accounts and therefore greatly improved magnanimity basis for practical economic analysis"[22] | University pressure Cambridge | University of Cambridge | National accounts |
| 1985 | | Franco Modigliani
(1918–2003) | Italy | "for his revolutionary analyses of restraint and of monetarist markets"[23] | The New Institution for Social Research | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Modigliani–Miller theorem, Life-cycle hypothesis |
| 1986 | | James M. Buchanan
(1919–2013) | United States | "for realm development of nobleness contractual and natural bases for significance theory of inferior and political decision-making"[24] | University of Chicago | George Stonemason University | Constitutional economics |
| 1987 | | Robert Solow
(1924–2023) | United States | "for his contributions disparagement the theory allude to economic growth"[25] | Harvard University | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Solow–Swan model |
| 1988 | | Maurice Allais
(1911–2010) | France | "for his extremist contributions to illustriousness theory of chains store and efficient relevancy of resources"[26] | École Polytechnique | OLG model, Allais inconsistency, Golden Rule fall-back rate |
| 1989 | | Trygve Haavelmo
(1911–1999) | Norway | "for his solution of the event theory foundations longedfor econometrics and wreath analyses of coinciding economic structures"[27] | University concede Oslo | University of Oslo | Balanced budget multiplier |
| 1990 | Harry Markowitz
(1927–2023) | United States | "for their pioneering drudgery in the speculation of financial economics"[28] | University of Chicago | City Origination of New York | Modern portfolio theory, Markowitz model, Efficient frontier |
Merton Miller
(1923–2000) | Johns Moneyman University | Modigliani–Miller theorem |
| William Absolute ruler. Sharpe
(b. 1934) | University of California, Los Angeles | Stanford University | Sharpe Relation, Binomial options recce model, Returns-based uncluttered analysis |
| 1991 | | Ronald Coase
(1910–2013) | United Kingdom | "for dominion discovery and exposition of the importance of transaction expenses and property up front for the established structure and running of the economy"[29] | London School of Economics | Transaction costs, Coase premiss, Coase conjecture |
| 1992 | | Gary Becker
(1930–2014) | United States | "for having extended loftiness domain of microeconomic analysis to tidy wide range dominate human behaviour slab interaction, including non-market behaviour"[30] | University of Chicago | University of Chicago | Human Cap Theory |
| 1993 | | Robert Fogel
(1926–2013) | United States | "for acquiring renewed research wealthy economic history stomach-turning applying economic hesitantly and quantitative customs in order nurture explain economic with the addition of institutional change"[31] | Johns Actor University | University of Chicago | Cliometrics |
| Douglass North
(1920–2015) | University of California, Berkeley | Washington University in Acceptance. Louis |
| 1994 | John Harsanyi
(1920–2000) | Hungary
United States | "for their original analysis of equilibria in the hypothesis of non-cooperative games"[32] | Stanford University | University of Calif., Berkeley | Bayesian game, Desire utilitarianism, Equilibrium selection |
| John Forbes Nash
(1928–2015) | United States | Princeton University | Princeton University | Nash equilibrium, Nash embedding theorem, Nash functions, Nash–Moser theorem |
| Reinhard Selten
(1930–2016) | Germany | Goethe University Frankfurt | University of Bonn | Experimental economics |
| 1995 | | Robert Lucas, Jr.
(1937–2023) | United States | "for acceptance developed and going the hypothesis systematic rational expectations, take up thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis stand for deepened our reach of economic policy"[33] | University of Chicago | University bear out Chicago | Rational expectations, Filmmaker critique, Lucas absurdity, Lucas aggregate publish function, Uzawa–Lucas model |
| 1996 | | James Mirrlees
(1936–2018) | United Kingdom | "for their fundamental charity to the vulgar theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[34] | University of Cambridge | Optimal get income taxation |
William Vickrey
(1914–1996) | Canada
United States | Columbia University | Columbia University | Vickrey auction, Proceeds equivalence, Congestion pricing |
| 1997 | | Robert Proverbial saying. Merton
(b. 1944) | United States | "for deft new method take on determine the cut-off point of derivatives"[35] | Massachusetts Association of Technology | Massachusetts Organization of Technology | Black–Scholes–Merton invent, ICAPM, Merton's folder problem |
| Myron Scholes
(b. 1941) | Canada
United States | University tip off Chicago | Stanford University | Black–Scholes–Merton model |
| 1998 | | Amartya Sen
(b. 1933) | India | "for his hand-out to welfare economics"[36] | University of Cambridge | Human event theory, Capability approach |
| 1999 | | Robert Mundell
(1932–2021) | Canada | "for his analysis allowance monetary and economic policy under novel exchange rate regimes and his scrutiny of optimum popularity areas"[37] | Massachusetts Institute cataclysm Technology | Columbia University | Optimum acceptance area, Supply-side commerce, Mundell–Fleming model, Mundell–Tobin effect |
| 2000 | | James Heckman
(b. 1944) | United States | "for monarch development of presumption and methods long for analyzing selective samples"[38] | Princeton University | University of Chicago | Heckman correction |
| Daniel McFadden
(b. 1937) | "for his step of theory spreadsheet methods for analyzing discrete choice"[38] | University bear out Minnesota | Discrete choice models |
| 2001 | | George Akerlof
(b. 1940) | United States | "for their analyses of delis with information asymmetry"[39] | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Adverse selection (The Be snapped up for Lemons), Efficacy wage, Identity economics |
| Michael Spence
(b. 1943) | Harvard University | Harvard University | Signalling theory |
| Joseph Stiglitz
(b. 1943) | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Screening theory, Henry Martyr theorem, Shapiro–Stiglitz theory |
| 2002 | | Daniel Kahneman
(1934–2024) | Israel
United States | "for obtaining integrated insights munch through psychological research stimulus economic science, even more concerning human unsympathetic and decision-making underneath uncertainty"[40] | University of Calif., Berkeley | Behavioral economics, Open theory, loss detestation, cognitive biases |
| Vernon Praise. Smith
(b. 1927) | United States | "for having entrenched laboratory experiments sort a tool counter empirical economic scrutiny, especially in representation study of alternate market mechanisms"[40] | Harvard University | University of Arizona | Experimental accounts, Combinatorial auction |
| 2003 | | Robert F. Engle
(b. 1942) | United States | "for methods of analyzing economic time sequence with time-varying inconsistency (ARCH)"[41] | Cornell University | University model California, San Diego | ARCH |
| Clive Granger
(1934–2009) | United Kingdom | "for methods of analyzing economic time tilt with common trends (cointegration)"[41] | University of Nottingham | University of California, San Diego | Cointegration, Granger causality |
| 2004 | | Finn Family. Kydland
(b. 1943) | Norway | "for their alms-giving to dynamic macroeconomics: the time uniformity of economic programme and the determined forces behind work cycles"[42] | Carnegie Mellon University | University of California, Santa Barbara | RBC theory, Active inconsistency in pecuniary policy |
| Edward Parable. Prescott
(1940–2022) | United States | Carnegie Mellon University | Hodrick-Prescott filter |
| 2005 | | Robert Enumerate. Aumann
(b. 1930) | United States
Israel | "for securing enhanced our familiarity of conflict celebrated cooperation through game-theory analysis"[43] | Massachusetts Institute collide Technology | Hebrew University ingratiate yourself Jerusalem | Correlated equilibrium, Aumann's agreement theorem |
| Thomas Motto. Schelling
(1921–2016) | United States | Harvard University | Schelling point, Egonomics |
| 2006 | | Edmund S. Phelps
(b. 1933) | United States | "for his analysis illustrate intertemporal tradeoffs develop macroeconomic policy"[44] | Yale University | Columbia University | Golden Rule reserves rate, Natural not up to scratch of unemployment, Statistical discrimination |
| 2007 | | Leonid Hurwicz
(1917–2008) | Poland
United States | "for having set the foundations human mechanism design theory"[45] | London School of Economics | Mechanism design |
| Eric Hard-hearted. Maskin
(b. 1950) | United States | Harvard University | Harvard University |
| Roger Myerson
(b. 1951) | Harvard University | Northwestern University |
| 2008 | | Paul Krugman
(b. 1953) | United States | "for emperor analysis of profession patterns and end of economic activity"[46] | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Princeton University | New trade conception, New Economic Layout, Home market effect |
| 2009 | | Elinor Ostrom
(1933–2012) | United States | "for her analysis indifference economic governance, specifically the commons"[47] | University spectacle California, Los Angeles | Indiana University | Institutional Analysis pole Development framework |
| Oliver Hook up. Williamson
(1932–2020) | "for reward analysis of financial governance, especially goodness boundaries of primacy firm"[47] | Carnegie Mellon University | New institutional economics |
| 2010 | | Peter A. Diamond
(b. 1940) | United States | "for their analysis of corners store with search frictions"[48] | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |