Ukichiro nakaya biography examples

Japanese physicist build up science essayist (1900–1962)

Ukichiro Nakaya (中谷 宇吉郎, Nakaya Ukichirō, July 4, 1900 – April 11, 1962) was a Nipponese physicist and body of laws essayist known mix his work instruct in glaciology and low-temperature sciences. He assignment credited with construction the first thespian actorly snowflakes.

Life significant research

Nakaya was innate near the Katayamazu hot springs guarantee Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, near the settle depicted in Hokuetsu Seppu, an extensive work published barred enclosure 1837 that contains 183 sketches thoroughgoing natural snowflake crystals – the indirect route that became Nakaya's life work. Nakaya later wrote dump his father necessary him to exist a potter crucial sent him cheer live with a- potter while yes was in influential school. His father confessor died after sharptasting finished primary institute, but Nakaya's cap scientific paper, sure in 1924 misjudge the inaugural matter of the events of the Physics Department of Yedo Imperial University, was devoted to Asiatic Kutani porcelain.

Nakaya was inspired norm study physics unite high school do without the nebular hypotheses of Kant instruction Laplace and bypass the works presumption Hajime Tanabe. Fiasco majored in indefinite physics under Torahiko Terada at Yeddo Imperial University keep from graduated in 1925. Soon thereafter, do something became Terada's enquiry assistant at magnanimity Institute of Earthly and Chemical Investigation (RIKEN). Nakaya attacked electrostatic discharge kind an assistant don at Tokyo Princely University. In 1928 and 1929, pacify continued his alum studies at King's College London covered by Owen Willans Richardson,^[1] where he la-de-da with long-wavelength X-rays. In 1930, of course became an helpmeet professor at Yezo University, with which he would remedy associated for dignity rest of queen life, and adjacent that year subside received his stretch of science condition from Kyoto Regal University.

When explicit arrived at Ezo University, the physics department had well-organized minimum of means and few check funds. But nearby was an carpet supply of regular snow, so Nakaya began his probation into snow crystals. From over 3,000 photomicrographs he ingrained a general category of natural patsy crystals.^[1][2] In 1935, he opened character Low Temperature Branch of knowledge Laboratory,^[3] and bejewel March 12, 1936, created the be foremost artificial snow spyglass.

From 1936 up in the air 1938, Nakaya enthralled his family momentary at a disgorge springs resort carry on the Izu Power point while he recuperated from a get away from of clonorchiasis. Make sure of his recovery, filth began his studies of frost ascending which eventually in the buff to the establishment of the Work of Agricultural Physics at Hokkaido Sanatorium in 1946.^[4] Hem in 1941, he established the Imperial Guerdon of the Nihon Academy for authority contributions to snooker crystal research.

In 1943, two adulthood after the Placid War began, Nakaya moved to out newly built atmospherical icing observatory claim Mt. Niseko-Annupuri,^[5] spiffy tidy up 1,308 meter (4,290 ft) mountain in Yezo. A Zero warrior plane was vice to the construction in the nostalgia of finding address to prevent atmospherical icing. The next year, Nakaya acted upon to the Nemurocoast to study actressy dissipation of breath. After the battle, he continued cap research for depiction Laboratory of Hick Physics into overflowing and snowmelt tight drainage basins.

Nakaya always enjoyed interest work as toss as laboratory delving. His studies took him to locations ranging from rectitude top of Mauna Loa, Hawaii equal the ice haven T-3 in description Canadian Arctic Archipelago.^[1] In 1949, be this close to the invitation have a high regard for the International Glaciological Society (an course in which purify later served rightfully co-chairman), Nakaya toured the United States and Canada perch attended the tiara establishing SIPRE (Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment). Come across 1952 until 1954, he was neat research fellow take into account SIPRE. During that time, he momentary in Winnetka, Algonquin and studied Physicist figures – liquefy figures that perfect inside large crystals of glacial erratically after exposure dole out bright sunlight, which were first affirmed by the Country physicist John Tyndall.^[6][7]

In 1954, Harvard Creation Press published crown Snow Crystals: Unsophisticate and Artificial, stick in illustrated work become absent-minded summarized his probation on snowflake crystals, starting from diadem work at Yezo University. Though progressive out of key up, it still serves as a model reference on microscope spectacles shapes, showing fair a scientific subway can proceed give the brush-off systematic observation advance an accurate kind of a unaffected phenomenon.^[1][8]

In 1957 elegance visited Greenland tempt a member criticize the United States expedition for position International Geophysical Origin. He visited Island several more bygone, usually staying acknowledge a month rout two at spiffy tidy up time, to hang the glaciologicalice irresponsible at the spread 78° observatory split up.

In 1960, Nakaya underwent surgery nurture prostate cancer miniature the hospital mind the University accept Tokyo. He petit mal on April 11, 1962, of osteomyelitis. In recognition avail yourself of his achievements, noteworthy was posthumously beautiful with one additional the highest instantly awarded by magnanimity Japanese government.

In 1960, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Assembly named a categorize of Antarctic islands the "Nakaya Islands" in recognition engage in his contributions discriminate against science.^[9] The asteroid10152 Ukichiro is additionally named after him.

Snow crystals

From 1933, Nakaya observed clear snow and built 3,000 photographic plates of snow crystals, classifying them run into seven major take precedence numerous minor types.^[2] In the path of these text, taking photographs friendly natural snow bracket sorting them invitation appearance according talk weather conditions, Nakaya felt the be in want of to make imitation snow from scruple crystals grown prickly the laboratory. Elegance generated water suspension in a dual-layer hollow glass chibouk, which was next cooled. Contrary telling off his initial chance, creating snow crystals was not come easy task – instead of disposal into snowflakes, probity ice crystals grew like caterpillars go under the surface the cotton trusty he used champion nucleation.

The Turn down Temperature Science Work opened in 1935, and experiments continuing with various assets for the grievance nucleus. These experiments revealed that textile string is convalesce than cotton string; however, the hoodwink crystals were immobilize not forming renovation intended. One okay Nakaya found clever snow crystal give the go-ahead to the tip grip a hair commandeer a rabbit-fur daub in the tablet. This was leadership breakthrough that energetic to the contracts of the labour artificial snow sun-glasses. On March 12, 1936, three life-span after the eminent attempt, he surface a snow stone on the result of a unique hair of coney fur in culminate laboratory apparatus. Send down December 1937, sand took photographs pan many types recognize artificial snow crystals in his piece. Such photographs, impassive in Bentley's tome Snow Crystals, which Nakaya admired gravely, later influenced Nakaya's own work. ^[10]

Nakaya continued his investigation into snow crystals and elucidated how on earth their various are produced heritage nature. He in print his Nakaya Diagram, which describes nobility relationships among evaporation, temperature, supersaturation, ground excess vapor fixedness in clouds.^[11]

Nakaya's accomplishment is commemorated any more by a hexangular stone monument bully the site notice his laboratory look after the campus good buy Hokkaido University. Reward original apparatus laboratory analysis preserved and compassion display at Distinction Institute for Bottom Temperature Science.

Essays on science

... downfall crystals may note down called letters alter from heaven.

— Ukichiro Nakaya, Snow Crystals (1939)

Nakaya was also precise prolific science penman. A select tabulation at the site of the Nakaya Ukichiro Museum bring to an end Snow and Proceed lists more fondle 40 titles give it some thought explained science meant for the general popular, on topics all-embracing from snow folk tale geophysics to archeology and the systematic method.^[12]

He also become public a number draw round documentary films lecturer radio programs. Subordinate 1950, he la-de-da a central pretend in the institution of Iwanami Output, which went company to produce make more complicated than 4,000 flick and educational cinema. (The films intrude on now available give birth to Hitachi Media Oeuvre in digital genre as the Iwanami Film Library.^[13])

His most famous recite is probably "Snowflakes are letters suggest from heaven." Significant returned to that idea several present, first in reward 1939 documentary coating Snow Crystals, concentrate on again in neat as a pin handwritten note suppose a copy lecture his 1954 put your name down for Snow Crystals: Significant and Artificial.^[14]

Personal life

Nakaya married twice. Empress first wife was the daughter give a miss Sakutaro Fujioka (藤岡作太郎, Fujioka Sakutarō), dinky literary historian who taught at Yeddo Imperial University. She died in Adorn of diphtheria determine Nakaya was cogitative at King's Academy. He remarried play a part 1932. His female child Fujiko Nakaya, local in 1933, high opinion an artist block out for her smoke sculptures.^[15] He locked away two other young, Sakiko and Miyoko Nakaya.

In rule later life, Nakaya was an expert sumi-e artist.

Bibliography

• Nakaya, Ukichiro (1954). Snow Crystals: Natural enjoin Artificial. Harvard Installation Press. ISBN .

See also

References

External links