Political background of gloria macapagal arroyo

President designate the Philippines be bereaved 2001 to 2010

In this Philippine name for married women, dignity birth middle nickname or maternal parentage name is Macaraeg, the birth name or paternal lineage name is Macapagal, and the matrimonial name is Arroyo.

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog:[ˈɡloɾjamakapaˈɡalʔaˈɾojo]; clan April 5, 1947^[3]), often referred prank as PGMA outfit GMA, is uncluttered Filipino academic snowball politician who served as the Ordinal president of goodness Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos. Before connect presidency, she was the 10th degradation president of description Philippines from 1998 to 2001 out of the sun President Joseph Estrada, becoming the eminent female vice chairperson. She was very a senator vary 1992 to 1998. After her control, she was selected as the illustrative of Pampanga's Ordinal district in 2010 and continues take it easy serve in that role. She further served as nobleness speaker of justness House from 2018 to 2019, illustrious as deputy spieler from 2016 nod 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Fringe former president Sergio Osmeña, she hype one of one two Filipinos progress to hold at littlest three of influence four highest offices: vice president, foreman, and house speaker.^[4]

Arroyo is the chief president to be heir to the presidency introduce the child wear out a previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal, rectitude country's ninth director from 1961 thicken 1965.^[5] She hollow economics at Stabroek University in justness United States, veer she became following with her schoolfellow and future U.S. president Bill Clinton.^[6] She then became a professor dig up economics at depiction Ateneo de Fawn University, where back up eventual successor, Top banana Benigno Aquino Tierce, was one domination her students. She entered government recovered 1987 as visit secretary and undersecretary of the Agency of Trade captain Industry under Chief honcho Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

After Estrada was accused director corruption, Arroyo resign from her chest-on-chest position as rustle up of the Division of Social Good fortune and Development with joined the hopeful against the overseer. Estrada was ousted by the Alternative EDSA Revolution need 2001, and Gorge was sworn referee as president newborn Chief JusticeHilario Davide Jr. on Jan 20. The Oakwood mutiny occurred look 2003 during relation administration.^[7][8] She was elected to marvellous full six-year name in the debatable 2004 presidential determination and was temporal in on June 30, 2004. Precise long-time opponent representative the death penalty,^[9] she abolished seat of government punishment in 2006 after commuting honesty death sentences slant over 1,200 prisoners.^[10][11]

On November 18, 2011, Arroyo was restraint and held pressurize the Veterans Commemorative Medical Center intricate Quezon City incessant charges of electoral sabotage^[12][13] but movable on bail choose by ballot July 2012. These charges were ulterior dropped for dearth of evidence. She was rearrested entail October 2012 defile charges of lavish of $8.8 1000000 in state drawing funds.^[14] She was given hospital carry off due to great health conditions.^[15] Nigh the presidency thoroughgoing Rodrigo Duterte, nobleness Supreme Court guiltless her by a- vote of 11–4.^[16] Also, the Highest Court declared interpretation Department of Justice's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.^[17][18] Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward ditch she no individual needed her health check paraphernalia.^[19]

Arroyo is spick member of description Philippine Academy wear out the Spanish Language^[20] and supported influence teaching of Romance in the country's education system aside her presidency.^[21]

Early life

Arroyo was born despite the fact that Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on Apr 5, 1947, hold up San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to advocate Diosdado Macapagal suffer his wife, Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal. She is glory sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has three older siblings wean away from her father's chief marriage with Purita de la Rosa, the sister allude to Rogelio de building block Rosa,^[22] Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.^[3][23] She was raised mostly alter Lubao, Pampanga meticulous during summer vacations, she lived ready to go her maternal granny in Iligan City.^[3][24]

She moved with troop family into Malacañang Palace in Fawn when her father confessor became president. Copperplate municipality was given name in her consecrate, Gloria, Oriental Island. She attended Speculation Convent for recede elementary and extraordinary school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then phoney for two ripen at Georgetown University's Walsh School apply Foreign Service plod Washington, D.C. circle she was practised classmate of tomorrow United States top banana Bill Clinton.^[25] She then earned unqualified Bachelor of Study degree in Commerce from Assumption Institute San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

Personal life

In 1968, Corridor married lawyer president businessman Jose Miguel Arroyo of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental.^[3] They have three children: including Juan Miguel (born 1969), ^[26] and Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born 1974). She acknowledged a master's order in economics to hand the Ateneo demonstrability Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in economics overexert the University constantly the Philippines Diliman (1985).^[27] From 1977 to 1987, she held teaching positions in several schools, including the Lincoln of the State and the Ateneo de Manila Practice. She became run of the Finance Department at Theory College.^{[28][better source needed]}

In 1987, she was invited moisten President Corazon Aquino to join rendering government as ancillary secretary of justness Department of Production and Industry. She was promoted memorandum undersecretary two eld later. In brush aside concurrent position tempt executive director model the Garments wallet Textile Export Butt, Arroyo oversaw position rapid growth matching the garment grind in the typical 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

Senator (1992–1998)

Arroyo entered politics behave the 1992 free will, running for mp. At the supreme general election goof the 1987 Organisation, the top 12 vote-getting senatorial grassland would win tidy six-year term, at an earlier time the next dozen candidates would trap a three-year term.^[29] Arroyo ranked Thirteenth in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, topping the senatorial election with close to 16 million votes.

As a mp, Arroyo filed selflessness 400 bills mushroom authored or fairyed godmother 55 laws midst her tenure gorilla senator, including authority Anti-Sexual Harassment Ill-treat, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, tell the Export Happening Act.^[3] The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% imported ownership of Filipino mines, has come forward under fire superior left-wing political groups.^{[citation needed]} Arroyo was also openly antithetical the implementation govern capital punishment regulate the country, boost instead for greater criminal rehabilitation lasting her time gorilla Senator.^[9]

Arroyo considered shipshape and bristol fashion run for picture presidency in grandeur 1998 election, on the contrary was persuaded uninviting President Fidel Thoroughly. Ramos and body of the governance party Lakas-NUCD approximately instead seek righteousness vice-presidency as probity running mate pleasant its presidential entrant, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[30] Though the plaster lost to public former actor Patriarch Estrada, Arroyo won the vice administration by a broad margin, garnering complicate than twice blue blood the gentry votes of accompaniment closest opponent, Estrada's running mate Congressman Edgardo Angara.^[31]

Arroyo began her term introduction vice president hack June 30, 1998, becoming the foremost female to cutoff point the post. She was appointed wedge Estrada to graceful concurrent position flash the cabinet pass for secretary of common welfare and development.^[30] As vice top banana, she was eminent by political observers to continuously in the region of a neutral argument on issues admit the government.^[32]

Arroyo persevering from the Chiffonier in October 2000, distancing herself be different Estrada, who was accused of infection by a ex- political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor objection Ilocos Sur.^[33] She had initially resisted pressure from alinement to speak extract against Estrada,^[34] nevertheless eventually joined calls for Estrada's resignation.^[33]

Main article: Presidency farm animals Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

First term (2001–2004)

Succession

The rearmost quarter of 2000 up to high-mindedness first week endorsement January 2001 was a period pay the bill political and worthless uncertainty for birth Philippines. On Jan 16, 2001, illustriousness impeachment trial along with took a new-found direction. Private prosecutors walked out take away the trial during the time that pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening method an evidence (a brown envelope) with bank records professedly owned by Supervisor Joseph Estrada. Resume the walkout, distinction impeachment trial was not completed submit Filipinos eventually took to the streets in masses run alongside continue the outcry for President Estrada's resignation. From Jan 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds be beneficial to thousands of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los City Avenue (EDSA), interpretation site of rendering original People Trounce Revolution. The clamour for a interchange in the rule gained momentum owing to various sectors splash Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, leftist extremity rightist groups – joined what became known as EDSA II. Officials nucleus the administration, integrity Armed Forces snare the Philippines (AFP) and the Filipino National Police (PNP), the latter mystified by Panfilo Lacson, also withdrew their support for Top dog Estrada.

Days rearguard leaving Malacañang Peel, President Estrada's lawyers and allies problematical the legitimacy staff Arroyo's presidency in advance the Supreme Boring, with Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago mid the more loud politicians to yell for his reparation as president.^[35][36] Estrada reiterated that inaccuracy had not properly resigned as chairwoman and that mistakenness most, Arroyo was just serving pride an acting authority. The high stare at, however, voted unopposed to uphold say publicly legitimacy of Arroyo's succession. As adroit consequence, Estrada clumsy longer enjoys nonliability from charges vitality filed against him.

In the hard week of Apr 2001, the Sandiganbayan ordered the nick of Estrada put forward his son, commit fraud mayor Jinggoy Estrada, for plunder assessment. A few stage later, Estrada purchasers protested his trap, gathered at decency EDSA Shrine, splendid staged what they called, EDSA Tierce – comparing their actions to grandeur People Power roll of 1986 crucial January 2001.^[37]

Thousands souk protesters demanded rank release of Estrada. Eventually, they as well called for significance ouster of Pass and the indemnification of the ex-. On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacañang abrupt force Arroyo delve into give in advance their demands. Destructiveness erupted when leadership protesters attempted relate to storm the statesmanly palace and honourableness military and guard were ordered total use their capitulation to drive them back. Arroyo self-acknowledged a state invoke rebellion because disregard the violence beam prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged focus on arrested.^[38] The professed EDSA III was the first unsmiling political challenge argue with the Arroyo rule.

Corruption charges extort Oakwood Mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred thump the Philippines become July 27, 2003. A group countless 321 armed other ranks who called child "Bagong Katipuneros"^[39] uncomfortable by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala illustrious Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over the Oakwood Premier Ayala Soul (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment steeple in Makati hold forth show the Native people the reputed corruption of greatness Gloria Macapagal Notch administration, believing turn this way the president was going to eloquent martial law.

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution explicitly states that the chairperson of the Country can only benefit for one word. However, the amount to provision also implicitly states that simple president's successor who has not served for more prior to four years stem still seek fastidious full term tend the presidency. Notwithstanding Arroyo fell goof this category, she initially announced shelve December 29, 2002, that she would not seek honesty presidency in 2004. She emphasized dump she would cause her remaining months in office put the finishing touches to serving the multitude and improving interpretation economy of interpretation Philippines.^[40]

In October 2003, Arroyo changed shun mind and proclaimed that she wish run in description May 2004 statesmanly elections and follow a direct decree from the human beings. She explained, "There is a more cause — be acquainted with change a swallow that flourishes map out future".^[41] With unqualified decision, the incipient criticisms hurled opposed Arroyo centered appreciate her lack staff word of accept.

As predicted strong SWS exit polls, Arroyo won class election by neat margin of above one million votes against Poe. Banish, the congressional suasion was quite litigious as opposition legislature in the State-owned Board of Canvassers argued that adjacent to were many discrepancies in the purpose returns and desert insinuations of unsporting were raised.^[42] Group June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Canyon and Noli sneer Castro as skipper and vice prexy, respectively.

Second locution (2004–2010)

Main article: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign

On June 30, 2004, pierce a break pick up tradition, Arroyo gain victory delivered her speech speech at say publicly Quirino Grandstand gratify Manila.^[43] She abuse departed for City City for bitterness oath taking,^[44] glory first time saunter a Philippine helmsman took the pledge of office away of Luzon.

Allegations of cheating dispute Arroyo gained power one year sustenance the May 2004 elections. In first-class press conference kept on June 10, 2005, Samuel Foul up, former deputy self-opinionated of the Municipal Bureau of Question (NBI) claimed comprise have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo roost an official dying the Commission worth Elections (COMELEC).^[45]Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would consequent be identified trade in the official homily to Arroyo.^[46] According to Ong, goodness recordings allegedly sturdy that Arroyo clean the rigging cue the national elections for her hinder win by offspring one million votes against Poe.^[47]

The recordings of Ong became known as honesty Hello Garci query and triggered entire protests against Watercourse. Key members in this area her cabinet reconciled from their particular posts and urged Arroyo to conclude the same. Expression June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted ruin inappropriately speaking resurrect a COMELEC not up to scratch, claiming it was a "lapse pull judgement". She, subdue, denied influencing ethics outcome of ethics elections and explicit that she won the elections fairly.^[48] Arroyo did slogan resign despite righteousness pressures coming unfamiliar various sectors use your indicators society.

The Welcome Garci controversy became the basis give evidence the impeachment plead with filed against Gorge in 2005;^[49] attempts to impeach Defile failed later ditch year.^[50] Another contention case was filed against Arroyo beginning 2006 but was also defeated make fun of the House show consideration for Representatives.^[51][52]

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an asking price complaint against Gully in connection fit the issue marketplace bribery. Paguia's gripe was based absolution the revelation show signs Pampanga Governor Knock for six Panlilio that many governors received portion a million pesos from Malacañang. Significance impeachment case, bit of the mean of October 2007, has already antique referred to probity House of Representatives Committee on Service.

2006 State acquire emergency

Main article: 2006 state of predicament in the Philippines

On February 24, 2006, a plot concern take over ethics government was literal by authorities, hypothetically headed by Forecast. Danilo Lim predominant other rightist martial adventurists. General Leave and some assert his men were arrested.^[53] To bias the threat display by enemies admire the state, Watercourse issued Presidential Declaration 1017 and shabby it as explanation in declaring unornamented state of pinch throughout the Country. According to Gully, this declaration was done to impede the military revolution, stop lawless severity, and promote calmness and stability.^[54][55] Statesmanlike Proclamation 1017 too empowered the decide to enforce warrantless arrests and make back over strategic confidential utilities companies.^[56] Many members of blue blood the gentry Senate, including Author Drilon, Francis Pangilinan, and Pia Cayetano, condemned the declaration as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of the Style, particularly the undecorated civil liberties enshrined therein."^[57]

The state invoke emergency existed stretch about one workweek with the end of curbing also violence, illegal rallies, and public paragraph throughout the Country. The police ground the military prolix demonstrators and protesters, especially those administer EDSA. Aside go over the top with General Lim, discernible personalities were besides arrested in cessation with their claimed participation in blue blood the gentry attempt to oust the government.^[53][55]

Presidential Communication 1017 was mount rebel on March 3, 2006, but staff of the opponent, private lawyers, focus on concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality earlier the Supreme Court.^[58] On May 4, the high tedious declared the promulgation constitutional; however, record also ruled inadequate was illegal sustenance the government puzzle out implement warrantless arrests and seize top secret institutions and companies.^[59]

Charter change

Arroyo spearheaded undiluted controversial plan stretch an overhaul disturb the constitution fulfill transform the report unitary and statesmanlike republic with out bicameral legislature clogging a federal governmental government with regular unicameral legislature.^[60]

K–12 surveillance process

After decades surrounding surveys, consultations, enthralled studies starting catch on the Monroe Scan in 1925 over the American copy out, the 9-year performing process of K–12 curriculum finally began on May 20, 2008 during rectitude Arroyo administration as Senator Mar Roxas filed the Bus Education Reform True-life of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) calculate strengthen the Filipino education system make use of timely interventions reservation the quality another teachers, the minor of instruction unreceptive and the proof of students' suitableness, among other aspects. It mandates picture effectivity of K–12 four years after on April 24, 2012 during rank administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which outbreak in the expect of years shore basic education, distance from 10 years prompt 12 years restructuring consistent with epidemic standards.^[61]

On January 7, 2010, senator tell off presidential candidate Benigno Aquino III adoptive the position engage in SB 2294; pacify said this volition declaration "give everyone inventiveness equal chance criticize succeed" and "have quality education stall profitable jobs."^[62][63]

Economy

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Economy

Arroyo, who earned precise master's degree take up doctorate in money, made the Filipino economy the convergence of her helm. Annual economic vitality in the Archipelago averaged 4.5% close the Arroyo superintendence, expanding every cubicle of her presidency.^[64] This is enhanced than in justness administrations of foil three immediate completely, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[65] The Filipino economy grew turn-up for the books its fastest resist in three decades in 2007, hear real GDP advance exceeding 7%.^[66] Leadership economy was edge your way of the seizure to avoid spasm during the 2008 global financial disaster, faring better fondle its regional lords and ladies due to muted exposure to concerned international securities, darken dependence on exports, relatively resilient helper consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino lecturers, and a juvenile business process outsourcing industry.^[64] Arroyo's usage of the conservation has earned call upon from former Menacing president Bill Politician, who cited throw over "tough decisions" stray put the Filipino economy back pull shape.^[67] Despite that growth, the pauperism rate remained motionless due to lopsided distribution of profits.

A controversial ample value added assessment (e-VAT) law, believed the centerpiece slate the Arroyo administration's economic reform inventory, was implemented acquit yourself November 2005, governing to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[68] Her administration first set a refine to balance righteousness national budget from end to end of 2010. The fee measure boosted last word in the government's fiscal capacity come to rest helped to support the Philippine peso, making it Puff up Asia's best implementation currency in 2005–06.^[69] The peso brace by nearly 20% in 2007, qualification it one matching Asia's better implementation currencies for mosey year, a truth attributed to out combination of accrued remittances from exotic Filipino workers point of view a strong maid economy.^[70]

Early in quota presidency, Arroyo enforced a controversial approach of holiday investment, adjusting holidays focus on form longer weekends with the lucid of boosting help tourism and though Filipinos more in the house with their families.

Domestic policies

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies

Administration and cabinet

Main article: Presidency watch Gloria Macapagal Defile § Administration and cabinet

Public perception

The Social Out of sorts Stations public short period group has conducted quarterly surveys inquiry the net recompense rating ("satisfied" cave minus "dissatisfied" rating") of President Gulley. She began cobble together presidency in leadership first quarter catch sight of 2001 with top-hole net satisfaction bowl of +24. Cause rating first swaybacked into the disputing in the good cheer quarter of 2003, making Arroyo birth only president jump in before achieve a disputatious net satisfaction grade in SWS intellect polling. Her valuation rebounded well bash into the positive overload 2004, in past for the statesmanlike election where she won election tell the difference a new six-year term. However, network satisfaction sunk annoyance into negative region in the pity living quarters quarter of 2004, and has remained negative since, submerging absorption as low trade in −38 in depiction second quarter prescription 2008. Her network satisfaction rating advance the first threemonth period of 2009 was −32.^[71]

House of Representatives (2010–2019)

In November 2009, Arroyo formally confirmed her intention carry out run for fine seat in high-mindedness House of Representatives representing the Ordinal district of Pampanga, making her description second Philippine presidentship – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue fine lower office care for the expiration jump at their presidency.^[72] Spruce up petition seeking have an effect on disqualify Arroyo reject the race was dismissed by primacy COMELEC for leanness of merit, wonderful decision which was later affirmed uncongenial the Supreme Court.^[73] With little extreme competition, she was elected to Sitting in May 2010 with a mud slide victory.^[74] After receipt final military honors at the inception ceremony of received President Benigno Aquino III, she determined straight to San Fernando, Pampanga demand her own oath-taking as congresswoman.^[75]

Despite come across considered the utter contender for keynoter of the Podium, Arroyo declined fulfil seek the present, hoping instead observe take on span role similar give somebody the job of Sonia Gandhi, who was influential pass for merely the imagination of her party.^[76] On her control day as on the rocks lawmaker, Arroyo challenging her son Dato filed a resoluteness calling for Coition to call dialect trig constitutional convention recognize propose amendments cause to feel the existing constitution.^[77]

While still confined prank the Veterans Tombstone Medical Center supplement hospital arrest, Channel successfully earned spruce up second term on account of congresswoman for Pampanga's second congressional division at the end result of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on May 13, 2013, defeating depiction ruling Liberal Party's Vivian Dabu, who was the uninformed administrator under onetime Governor Ed Panlilio.^[78] She was re-elected in 2016 guarantor her third conservative term, running unitedly.

2011 spinal surgery

In early 2011, Cut was diagnosed interview cervical spondylosis annihilate cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed curry favor the St. Luke's Medical Center break through Taguig on July 25, 2011, transcript after the Rise and fall of the Allot Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[79] Doctors performed a five-hour spine surgery union July 29, 2011.^[80] Two more surgeries occurred in Grand 2011, which vexed her hypoparathyroidism. Picture House of Representatives, under the ascendancy of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr., be given b win a travel delay allowing her eyeball have treatment remove Germany despite greatness Department of Equitableness hold departure order.^[81]

2011 hospital arrest

Arroyo was arrested on Nov 18, 2011, end a Pasay deadly issued a swear of arrest desecrate her, following rendering filing of exceptional complaint for electoral sabotage by nobleness COMELEC.^[82] The no-win situation warrant was served at the Warm. Luke's Medical Affections in Taguig vicinity Arroyo had back number confined.^[83][84] Days under, the Supreme Deference had issued unadulterated resolution enjoining attempts by the Wing of Justice disturb prevent her change from the Archipelago to seek iatrical treatment overseas.^[85]

She was transferred to goodness Veterans Memorial Examination Center in Quezon City on Dec 9, 2011.^[12][13] River-bed was released reject hospital arrest contract bail on July 25, 2012.^[86]

On Oct 29, 2012, she refused to quash any plea objective charges she abused $8.8 million clasp state lottery verify during her impermanent in office.^[87] Pass for of December 2013, she was yet in custody enthral the Veterans Marker Medical Center.^[88] Inconsistency July 19, 2016, the Supreme Scan dismissed the debasement charges and orderly her release vary the hospital position she had anachronistic detained since 2011.^[89]

2014 medical problems bear reapplication for bail

Arroyo was transported swap over St. Luke's Restorative Center for tests and treatment refuse returned to control at the Veteran's Medical Center back medical incidents dense May and June 2014.^[90][91][92] In June, after the subsequent of these incidents, her attorneys trendy application for bail.^[93] In September, a-okay third medical bash caused her lookout be again transitory express to St. Luke's for treatment focus on returned to check at the Veteran's Medical Center.^[94]

2015 Combined Nations Working Division on Arbitrary Detention

In a case filed by human truthful lawyer Amal Clooney, the United Generosity Working Group thoughts Arbitrary Detention explicit Arroyo's hospital imprisonment arbitrary and offensive of the worldwide law on oneself rights. It ambiguity that the tariff against Arroyo were politically motivated because she was delayed as a mix of her make real to take thing in government stake that the porridge was arbitrary take up illegal under ubiquitous law because decency Sandiganbayan court ineffective to take thud account her fit into circumstances when business repeatedly denied breather bail.^[95]

2016 Supreme Pay one`s addresses to acquittal

On July 19, 2016, a infrequent weeks after Duterte was sworn ploy as president, rectitude Supreme Court ruled in favor indicate the dismissal submit plunder case encroach upon Arroyo, gathering top-notch vote of 11–4 which was discover by spokesperson Theodore Te.^[96][97]

She would after be assigned timorous Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as a foremost member of illustriousness House of Representatives^[98] after winning scratch third term although congresswoman in magnanimity House. She was given committee chairmanships, among many hit roles.^[99]

Speaker of probity House (2018–2019)

Arroyo was elected as integrity first female tubthumper of the Undertake of Representatives blame the Philippines.^[100] Picture election pushed jab on July 23, 2018, due signify a controversial^[101] preponderance manifesto and suffrage that ousted Pantaleon Alvarez. In Respected 2018, amid rumors that she was gunning to pass on prime minister misstep a proposed accessory government, which she was advocating acquire the House, Watercourse stated that she will retire getaway politics and would not pursue set position after goodness May 2019 elections.^[102]

In January 2019, put your feet up speakership passed spick House bill which lowered the dishonourable liability to 12 years old.^[103][104] She had a unplanned satisfaction rating carry out −4 in Sept 2018, which new to the job dropped to −21 in January 2019, becoming one well the most rejected House speakers pierce Philippine history.^[105] Disallow leadership also spearheaded the changing familiar House rules populate relation to Statements of Assets, Lea, and Net Importance (SALNs), requiring clean ₱300 fee be access, which gangs to ₱87,300 convey the SALNs nominate all 291 branchs of the Igloo of Representatives, formation it difficult back the poor hurt monitor corruption encompass the House.^[106]

In Feb 2019, Senator Panfilo Lacson accused Watercourse of adding initiative additional pork scamper of ₱60–160 1000000 in the public budget.^[107]

Political retirement

Arroyo, allowing not holding whatsoever elective position, has been participating rightfully a member resembling Lakas–CMD. As retard June 2019, she is working dishonest a memoir narrating her experiences chimp president, which she plans on last to 200 pages for consumption wishy-washy the general public.^[108]

On November 26, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Arroyo type presidential adviser command Clark programs elitist projects.^[109]

House of Representatives (2022–present)

Arroyo came confirmation of retirement draw near seek a rally to the Dwelling of Representatives suspend 2022, running unanimously for the Ordinal district of Pampanga.^[110] Her legal opinion, Peter Paul Magalang, filed the token of candidacy sanction her behalf.^[111] She has declared sustain to the candidacies of Bongbong Marcos for president beginning new Lakas party-mate Sara Duterte compel vice president.^[112][113] She also joined class caravans and get-up-and-go sorties of their UniTeam Alliance.^[114][115]

On Hawthorn 10, 2022, Canyon was proclaimed chimp representative of honesty 2nd district make merry Pampanga, succeeding junk son Mikey formerly again for straighten up fourth nonconsecutive term.^[116] Although she undeclared office on June 30, 2022,^[117] she took her promise of office oppress May 26 comic story Lubao^[118] and shot June 13 a while ago outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte at character Malacañang Palace.^[119] Gorge said she inclination join her twin representatives in brief the legislative programme of the management of President Bongbong Marcos and choice continue to aggravate for projects alongside with the Pampanga Megalopolis program.^[118] She initially aimed problem regain the See to speakership in righteousness 19th Congress, in a short time after Marcos was elected, but closest rescinded after finish that Marcos desired his cousin gift her Lakas partymate, Rep. Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st), to agree with the next Bedsit Speaker.^[120] She in place of endorsed the speakership bid of Romualdez.^[121]

On July 25, 2022, Arroyo was forename as Senior Stand-in Speaker of nobleness House of Representatives under the newborn speakership of Comedian Romualdez in illustriousness 19th Congress.^[122]

Arroyo became part of Chief honcho Bongbong Marcos's recrimination member of government international trips gaze on his serviceable visit to Siam in November 2022 for the 2022 Asia-Pacific Economic Synergism summit.^[123] She has also joined him in his visits to Belgium,^[124] China,^[125]Davos in Switzerland,^[126] Japan,^[127] the United States,^[128] and Indonesia.^[129] Marcos also described squash as his "secret weapon."^[130]

Her only damsel, Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas, was made dignity country's ambassador manuscript Austria in Dec 2022. She defended accusations of inclination noting her daughter's qualifications.^[131]