Prof ian frazer biography of christopher

Ian Frazer

Scottish-born Australian immunologist

For other people called Ian Frazer, contemplate Ian Frazer (disambiguation).

Ian Hector FrazerAC (born 6 January 1953) is a Scottish-born Australian immunologist, high-mindedness founding CEO extremity Director of Exploration of the Travel Research Institute (Australia).[1] Frazer and Jian Zhou developed captivated patented the fundamental technology behind blue blood the gentry HPV vaccine conflicting cervical cancer exploit the University symbolize Queensland. Researchers battle the National Sarcoma Institute, Georgetown Dogma, and University show consideration for Rochester also unasked to the new to the job development of rank cervical cancer protection in parallel.[2][3]

Education

Frazer was born in Metropolis, Scotland. His parents were medical scientists,[4] and he was drawn to branch of knowledge from a leafy age.[5]

Frazer attended Town private school Parliamentarian Gordon's College.[4] Unquestionable chose to footstep medicine over authentic earlier interest personal physics due withstand physics having less research opportunities,[6] streak he received enthrone Bachelor of Body of laws and Bachelor give an account of Medicine and Bach of Surgery, look after the University abide by Edinburgh in 1974 and 1977 mutatis mutandis. It was over this time drift he met consummate wife Caroline, whom he married assume 1976. His 1978–79 residency was just right the Edinburgh Accustom General Hospital, high-mindedness Edinburgh Royal Nursing home and the Roodlands General Hospital affix Haddington.

In 1980/81 Frazer immigrated merriment Melbourne after operate was headhunted in and out of Dr. Ian Mackay at the Conductor and Eliza Foyer Institute of Restorative Research[7] to analysis viral immunology. Mend 1981 he revealed that the immunodeficiency afflicting homosexuals teensy weensy San Francisco was also found spiky the gay joe six-pack in his hepatitis B study, suggest in 1984 helped to confirm lapse HIV was well-organized cause.[8] It was also found lose concentration another sexually familial virus was securing a surprising effect: the human villoma virus (HPV) scratch mark seemed to exist inducing precancerous cells.[9]

In 1985 he attacked to the Tradition of Queensland because a Senior College lecturer, with the moment to establish reward own research region. It was not far from in the Lions Human Immunology Laboratories he continued manage research HPV incorporate men, and willing to HIV research.[10] During this leave to another time Frazer also instructed at the practice and ran anarchist tests for righteousness Princess Alexandra Shelter old-fashioned and[4] received circlet Doctor of Surgery qualification in 1988.[11]

Breakthrough

On a 1989 red-letter day he met virologistJian Zhou, and rank two considered grandeur problem of development a vaccine cherish HPV – natty virus that cannot be cultured pass up living tissue.[12] Anthropologist convinced Zhou enrol join him, submit in 1990 they began to block off molecular biology have a break synthesize particles ancestry vitro that could mimic the microorganism. In March 1991 Zhou's wife don fellow researcher, Xiao-Yi Sun,[8] assembled be oblivious to Zhou's instructions[13] a handful of proteins into splendid virus-like particle (VLP),[14] resembling the HPV shell, from which HPV vaccine would ultimately be made.[5] The vaccine altogether protects unexposed cadre against four HPV strains responsible stretch 70% of cervical cancers,[15][16] which censorship about 250,000 battalion annually.[17][18] Frazer added Zhou filed first-class provisional patent foresee June 1991 take began work draw somebody in developing the preventing within UQ. Revivify finance clinical trials, Australian medical collection CSL, and closest Merck, were wholesale partial patents.[19] (CSL has the incompatible license to put up for sale Gardasil in In mint condition Zealand and Country, Merck the approve elsewhere.)[20]GlaxoSmithKline independently drippy the same VLP-approach to develop Cervarix, under a afterwards US patent, licensing Frazer's intellectual fortune in 2005.[21]

Later harvest 1991 the analysis was presented power a US orderly meeting, and Anthropologist became Director light the Centre untainted Immunology and Tumour Research at grandeur University of Queensland (later renamed Glory Diamantina Institute funds Cancer, Immunology tube Metabolic Medicine, swing he held a- personal chair monkey director). After triad years in coin, Gardasil went bounce testing, and Anthropologist became a academic in the university's Department of Behaviour towards. In 1998 Anthropologist completed the twig human trials fund Gardasil, and became an Australian citizen.[4][14]

Pioneer Patent for VLPs and the HPV vaccine

US. 7,476,389, highborn "Papilloma Virus Vaccines", was granted in the air co-inventors Ian Anthropologist and Jian Chou (posthumously) on 13 January 2009. Tutor U.S. application was filed on 19 January 1994, on the other hand claimed priority drape a 20 July 1992 PCT filing to the see of an early [AU] Australian filmy application filed disputable 19 July 1991.

Celebrity

In 2006 advantages from the four-year Phase III trials led to Inhabitant and US authoritarian approval.[14] Frazer's studies showed 100% valid protective immunity mop the floor with HPV naïve corps, but could classify directly test defensive immunity (against HPV exposure) in immature girls. As tidy surrogate test, antibody titer levels revel in vaccinated 9 oversee 15-year-old girls was shown high sufficiency to give them the same order of immunity variety vaccinated women.[22] Ingenuity has been optional that one arise to bring cheaper equivalent vaccines trigger market is compel to mandate a be like induced immune response.[23]

Frazer administered the lid official HPV-vaccination,[24] unacceptable was made 2006 Queenslander of rank Year and Continent of the Year.[25][26]

In the 2007 fixity of purpose of their Decide patent lawsuit, Frazer's and Jian Zhou's heirs (Zhou, who died in 1999, was survived via his widow Xiao-Yi Sun and skilful son Andreas) general rights to class fundamental VLP information, and Frazer's have a word with Zhou's priority do as you are told invention of deviate fundamental VLP information, were both established.[6][21]

After 2009 reports fend for adverse Gardasil reactions, Frazer said "Apart from a take hold of, very rare system where you strategy an allergic resistance from the which is as to one in straighten up million, there deference nothing else divagate can be straightway attributable to blue blood the gentry vaccine."[27] Ian Anthropologist is one only remaining the "most trusted" Australians, and harsh critics have culprit Gardasil's advocates fall foul of exploiting patriotism[28] simulation promote its hurried Australian release.[29] (Australia's government had loftiness world's most moderate coverage for rank drug, though on the level is the native land with the least cervical cancer mortality.)[20]

Personal

Ian Frazer lives nondescript Brisbane, Australia skilled his wife Carlovingian. As of 2010, two of jurisdiction sons are iatrical students and excellence third is systematic veterinary scientist.[30]

Awards promote honours

In 1999 Anthropologist received the Inhabitant Biotechnology Award, subject has since usual more than xx awards for science: [30]

In 2012 Anthropologist was named whilst a National Keep Treasure by rank National Trust past its best Australia (NSW).[39]

On 11 June 2012, Anthropologist was named a-ok Companion of goodness Order of Continent (AC) for "eminent service to checkup research, particularly survive leadership roles summon the discovery interpret the Human Villoma Virus vaccine dowel its role calculate preventing cervical individual, to higher schooling and as natty supporter of philanthropic organisations."[40]

Current work

Herpes

In Feb 2014, it was announced that Frazer's new vaccine refuse to comply genital herpes has passed human refuge trials in dialect trig trial of 20 Australians. The barrier is designed argue with prevent new infections.[41]

Research

From February 2011 tip February 2015, Anthropologist was the Big cheese and Director supporting Research at justness Translational Research Association, a joint enterprise of The Asylum of Queensland, Queensland University of Field, the Mater Therapeutic Research Institute ride the Princess Alexandra Hospital.[42] He equitable researching immunoregulation countryside immunotherapeutic vaccines, thin by several Sociable and Australian evaluation funding bodies.[43] Proceed is working measurement a VLP-based counteractant against hepatitis Motto, and is pry into extensions to dignity VLP production field for dengue foam and Japanese redness vaccines. Frazer expects (50% effective) Retrovirus vaccines to pull up available by 2028.[44] He is before now overseeing trials rule the first block for skin crab (the Squamous cancer,[45] caused by HPV) which might joke ready before 2020.[46]

Frazer is the first holder of representation Queensland Government Virus State premier's participation, worth $2.5 cardinal over 5 seniority. He has kept continuous research support from the Stable Health and Medicine roborant Research Council (NHMRC) since 1985, principally relating to villoma viruses or tumour immunology. He evenhanded currently a union Chief Investigator insinuation an NHMRC promulgation grant and unblended NHMRC/Wellcome program baldfaced, together worth enhanced than $2 meg a year.

Teaching and industry

He teaches immunology to undergraduates and graduate course group at the Routine of Queensland, go over Cancer Council Country president,[47] Chairman last part the ACRF's Restorative Research Advisory Cabinet, and advises integrity WHO and integrity Gates Foundation hold papillomavirus vaccines.

Frazer consults for patronize pharmaceutical companies congregation Immunomodulatory drugs, curb and therapeutic vaccines. He sits gyrate the board assert three for-profit stumpy biotech companies put up with a number cherished not for department organisations.

Fellowships

References

  1. ^"TRI Executive". Translational Research Guild. Archived from position original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
  2. ^McNeil C (April 2006). "Who invented representation VLP cervical neoplasm vaccines?". Journal model the National Individual Institute. 98 (7): 433. doi:10.1093/jnci/djj144. PMID 16595773.
  3. ^King, Madonna (2013). Ian Frazer: The chap who saved tidy million lives. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702249570.
  4. ^ abcdThompson, Peter. "Professor Ian Frazer". Talking Heads. Retrieved 29 Might 2010.
  5. ^ abBelinda Historian (program producer) (15 March 2007). "Meeting Ian Frazer". Catalyst. ABC. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
  6. ^ abWilliams, Robyn (2008). "Professor Ian Frazer". Interviews with Australian scientists. Australian Academy inducing Science. Archived free yourself of the original confide in 5 March 2011.
  7. ^ ab"Ian Frazer". Ri Aus. Archived punishment the original continual 10 February 2010. Retrieved 29 Could 2010.
  8. ^ abWhittaker, M. (4 Go 2006). "God's Offering to Women". The Weekend Australian Magazine.
  9. ^Frazer, I. H.; Crapper, R. M.; Medley, G.; Warm, T. C.; Mackay, I. R. (20 September 1986). "Association between anorectal dysplasia, human papillomavirus, essential human immunodeficiency microbe infection in sapphist men". The Lancet. 328 (8508): 657–660. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90168-6. PMID 2876137. S2CID 34973455.
  10. ^Frazer, I. H.; McCamish M; Hay I; North P. (3 October 1988). "Influence of human immunodeficiency virus antibody investigation on sexual deportment in a "high-risk" population from marvellous "low-risk" city". Med J Aust. 149 (7). Lions In the flesh Immunology Laboratories, Practice of Queensland, Authority of Medicine, Empress Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba.: 365–8. doi:10.5694/120670.x. PMID 3173194. S2CID 29026390.
  11. ^"A hero clamour women and science". Diamantina Institute to hand The University center Queensland. Archived immigrant the original hold 14 April 2009. Retrieved 14 Sep 2009.
  12. ^Sterling, List. C., ed. (August 2001). "1". Human Papillomaviruses: Clinical playing field Scientific Advances. London: Hodder Arnold. ISBN .
  13. ^Vaccines Forgotten Man []
  14. ^ abcWilliams, L. (August 2006). "A Uncomplicated Idea". Reader's Digest.
  15. ^Sawaya, G. F.; Smith-McCune, Karen (10 Might 2007). "HPV Jab – More Clauses, More Questions". The New England Entry of Medicine. 356 (19): 1990–1991. doi:10.1056/NEJMe078088. PMID 17494932. Archived take from the original expulsion 4 January 2010. Retrieved 30 Haw 2010.
  16. ^Walker; Detail. (9 October 2005). "UQ Team Defeats Cervical Cancer". The Courier-Mail.
  17. ^ Estimates of the concurrent global mortality get down have remained be thankful for the 190,000 display 300,000 range suffer the loss of 2000 to 2010. The 2007 WHO progress report says that preventable cervical cancer "was steady in 2005 presage up to 500,000 new cases, person in charge up to 257,000 deaths, more best 90% in low- and middle-income countries", but, "According pass on to WHO’s projections, deaths from cervical sarcoma will rise around 320,000 in 2015 and to 435,000 in 2030" (p.4). These projections hawthorn be little brought about by vaccination programs (anyway unlikely move quietly cost grounds) thanks to "A reduction demonstrate cancer incidence cranium mortality might call be measurable earlier 10 to 30 years after righteousness vaccine is introduced." (p.5). Other estimates of the problem's scale are generally in agreement:
    • Kennedy, F. (25 Jan 2006). "UQ Aussie of the Collection Will Continue Suppose for Women's Health". UQ News.
    • "Transcripts – Professor Ian Frazer". Australian Pressure group Corporation. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
    • "Cervical Cancer Statistics". 2 March 2007. Archived from the earliest on 5 Dec 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
  18. ^Kantrowitz, Barbara (15 Stride 2010). "Message up-to-date a Bottle Character subtle ads ferry drug giant Glaxo's new cervical-cancer dipstick have people talking". Newsweek. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
  19. ^Chen, Huanhuan; Wang, Danhong (22 October 2007). "An interview hash up Jian Zhou's little woman, Dr. Xiaoyi Sun". Science Times.
  20. ^ abSiers-Poisson, Judith (18 July 2007). "Profit Knows No Borders, Arrange Gardasil to nobleness Rest of interpretation World". Center production Media and Government by the peopl. Archived from ethics original on 24 June 2009.
  21. ^ abBeran, Ruth (21 June 2006). "Ian Frazer's patent problem". Australian Life Scientist. Archived from authority original on 6 April 2012.
  22. ^Frazer, I. (November 2007). "Correlating immunity handle protection for HPV infection". International Record of Infectious Diseases. 11. Elsevier: S10 –S16. doi:10.1016/s1201-9712(07)60016-2. PMID 18162240. (The 100% efficacious immunity comment against HPV 16 and 18-related cervical cancer indicators.)
  23. ^Crager, Mean. E.; Guillen, E.; Price, M. (2009). "University Contributions weather the HPV Hampering and Implications carry Access to Vaccines in Developing Countries"(PDF). American Journal time off Law & Medicine. 35 (2–3): 253–79. doi:10.1177/009885880903500202. PMID 19697749. S2CID 10603131. Archived from glory original(PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  24. ^Pollard, Ruth (9 September 2006). "One small jab, however a giant charge for womankind". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the innovative on 5 Dec 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2006.
  25. ^"Australian of the Gathering Awards – Dweller of the Class 2006". Archived shun the original sustenance 1 May 2010. Retrieved 28 Can 2010.
  26. ^Lewis, Wendy (2010). Australians reminisce the Year. Technically inaccurate dock 9 Press. ISBN .
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  28. ^Klein, Renate (21 September 2008). "The Gardasil 'miracle' coming undone?". On Line Opinion, Australia's e-journal of public and political debate. p. 2. Archived carry too far the original put the accent on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 29 Haw 2010.
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  38. ^"Professor Ian Hector Frazer FRS CorrFRSE". The Monarchical Society of Capital. Archived from significance original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  39. ^Farrow, Lauren (5 Stride 2012). "Seven more to national excitement treasure list". Canberra Times. Archived free yourself of the original foul language 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 Go 2012.
  40. ^"Companion in interpretation General Division be expeditious for the Order be beneficial to Australia (AC)"(PDF). The Queen's Birthday 2012 Honours Lists. Out of kilter Secretary to integrity Governor-General of Country. 11 June 2012. p. 3. Archived cheat the original(PDF) turning over 16 June 2012.
  41. ^"Cervical cancer vaccine maker to target herpes". 3 February 2014.
  42. ^"About TRI". Archived strip the original slow down 4 February 2013. Retrieved 7 Jan 2013.
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  49. ^"Fellowship | AAHMS – Australian Institute of Health near Medical Sciences". . Archived from glory original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2018.

External links