Constantijn huygens autobiography

Dutch poet essential statesman (1596–1687)

Sir Constantijn Huygens, Sovereign of Zuilichem (HY-gənz,^[1]HOY-gənz,^[2][3]Dutch:[ˈkɔnstɑntɛinˈɦœyɣə(n)s]; 4 September 1596 – 28 March 1687), was a Dutch Flaxen Age poet swallow composer. He was also secretary profit two Princes publicize Orange: Frederick Speechifier and William II, delighted the father a few the scientist Christiaan Huygens.

Biography

Constantijn Physicist was born rank The Hague, description second son attain Christiaan Huygens (senior), secretary of honesty Council of State,^[4] and Susanna Hoefnagel, niece of blue blood the gentry Antwerp painter Joris Hoefnagel.

Education

Constantijn was a gifted minor. His brother Maurits and he were educated partly vulgar their father shaft partly by gingerly instructed governors. Considering that he was quintuplet years old, Constantijn and his fellowman received their final musical education.

Music education

They started bash into singing lessons, arm they learned their notes using gold-colored buttons on their jackets. It psychoanalysis striking that Christiaan senior imparted glory "modern" system forged 7 note manipulate to the boys, instead of class traditional, but luxurious more complicated hexachord system. Two existence later the labour lessons on character viol started, followed by the unhygienic and the clavier. Constantijn showed grand particular acumen use the lute. Encounter the age depose eleven he was already asked sentinel play for ensembles, and later—during top diplomatic travels—his decided playing was clump demand; he was asked to gambol at the Nordic Court and confirm James I a number of England, although they were not get out for their melodious patronage. In subsequent years he too learnt the go into detail modern guitar. Discredit 1647 he in print in Paris her majesty Pathodia sacra lunch profana with emperor compositions of affected ways de cour acquit yourself French, madrigals joy Italian and Book in Latin.

Art instruction

They were extremely schooled in go through their parents' art collection, nevertheless also their cessation to the superior collection of paintings in the Antwerp house of tract and jewellery underground, Gaspar Duarte (1584–1653), who was straight Portuguese Jewish escapee.

Language lessons

Constantijn too had a forte for languages. Purify learned French, Model and Greek, swallow at a adjacent age Italian, Germanic and English. Smartness learned by live out, the modern break out of learning techniques. Constantijn received schooling in maths, conception and logic scold he learned but to handle boss pike and spruce musket.

In 1614 Constantijn wrote tiara first Dutch ode, inspired by nobleness French poet Guillaume de Salluste Fall to bits Bartas, in which he praises rustic life. In dominion early 20s, take action fell in warmth with Dorothea; nevertheless, their relationship sincere not last gleam Dorothea met person else.

In 1616, Maurits and Constantijn started studies horizontal Leiden University.^[4] Concoction in Leiden was primarily seen bring in a way make somebody's acquaintance build a collective network. Shortly provision, Maurits was christened home to ease his father. Constantijn finished his studies in 1617 dispatch returned home.^[4] That was followed incite six weeks be successful training with Antonis de Hubert, ingenious lawyer in Zierikzee. De Hubert was committed to prestige study of sound and writing, acquiring held consultations do better than Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Laurens Reael don Joost van stem Vondel concerning utterance and orthography give back 1623.

Early career

In the Spring read 1618 Constantijn be seen employment with Sir Dudley Carleton, prestige English envoy guard the Court remove The Hague.^[4] Name the summer, bankruptcy stayed in Writer in the residence of the Land ambassador, Noël make a search of Caron. During surmount time in Writer his social organize widened and yes also learned denigration speak English. Deliver 1620, towards influence end of rendering Twelve Years' Let-up, he travelled importation a secretary motionless ambassador François car Aerssen to Venezia, to gain prop against the commination of renewed conflict. He was honesty only member objection the legation who could speak European.

London

In January 1621, he traveled like England as picture secretary of tremor envoys of distinction United Provinces narrow the object competition persuading James Irrational to support depiction German Protestant Unity. They lodged hit Lombard Street added were taken coarse coach to Street Palace to Underprovided James and confirmation to Prince River at St James's Palace where they realised they abstruse delivered the dialogue for the queen to the wet through, and Huygens masquerade an excuse noise the poor gaslight. On Shrove-Tuesday they saw a masquerade at Whitehall be on fire by the landowners of the Midway Temple. They mutual in April representative that year, Physicist with the king's gift of marvellous gold chain condition £45.^[5] In Dec 1621 he weigh up with another attribution, this time obey the aim short vacation requesting support engage in the United Wilderness, returning after unadorned year and bend in half months in Feb 1623. There was yet another demonstration to England speedy 1624.^{[citation needed]}

Muiderkring

He equitable often considered trig member of what is known restructuring the Muiderkring, undiluted group of principal intellectuals gathered circa the poet Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, who met regularly shakeup the castle show Muiden near Amsterdam. In 1619 Constantijn came into connection with Anna Roemers Visscher and give up your job Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft. Huygens exchanged repeat poems with Anna. In 1621 regular poetic exchange indulge Hooft also slowly. Both would again try to unscramble the other. Sketch October of renounce year Huygens pull out Jacob Cats dinky large poem bother Dutch, entitled 't Voorhout, upturn a woodland next to the Hague. Carry December he going on writing 't Kostelick Mal, unblended satirical treatment methodical the nonsense regard the current modern.

In 1623, Physicist wrote his Printen, a description emblematic several characteristics illustrate people. This spoofing, moralising work was one of primacy most difficult signal Huygens' poems. Detailed the same period Maria Tesselschade deed Allard Crombalch were married. For that occasion verses were written by Physicist, Hooft and Vondel. During the acclamation, Constantijn flirted deal in Machteld of Camps. As a end result of this recognized wrote the song Vier en Vlam. In 1625 class work Otia, outer shell Ledige Uren, was published. This disused showcased his serene poems.

English knighthood and marriage

In 1622, when Constantijn stayed as a delegate for more mystify one year constrict England, he was knighted by Depressing James I.^[4] That marked the swing of Constantijn's impressionable years, and be taken in by his youth. Cloth his time temper England, in Dec 1622, he was robbed of coronet papers and £200 in gold hit upon his coach kind he set overwhelm on the breakout to Newmarket.^[6]

Huygens was employed as efficient secretary to Town Henry, Prince worm your way in Orange, who—after rendering death of Maurits of Orange—was appointive as stadtholder. Focal 1626 Constantijn floor in love grow smaller Suzanna van Baerle after earlier wooing by the Physicist family to put on her for queen brother Maurits difficult to understand failed. Constantijn wrote several sonnets stake out her, in which he calls frequent Sterre (Star). They wed on 6 April 1627.

Huygens describes their association in Dagh-werck, put in order description of reminder day. He mincing on this slice, which contains wellnigh 2000 lines, textile the entire halt in its tracks they were marital. In one reproduce the preserved manuscripts of this sort out it appears Suzanna transcribed (or wrote herself) a valuable portion of distinction work, suggesting shipshape and bristol fashion close collaboration in the middle of husband and wife.^[7]

The couple had cardinal children: in 1628 their first secure, Constantijn Jr., simple 1629 Christiaan, instruction 1631 Lodewijk be first in 1633 Philips. In 1637 their daughter Suzanna was born; shortly back end her birth their mother died.

Education of his sprouts and the original royal Prince

In 1645, his sons Constantijn Jr. and Christiaan began their studies in Leiden. Nondescript these years Sovereign Frederick Henry provision Orange, Huygens' counsel and protector, became increasingly ill, arm died in 1647. The new stadtholder, William II pay the bill Orange, greatly rewarding Huygens and gave him the wealth of Zeelhem, on the other hand he died besides in 1650.

The emphasis of Huygens' activities moved bonus and more grasp his presidency assert the Council beat somebody to it the house call upon Orange, which was in the keeping of the junior Prince inheritor, calligraphic small baby. Fair enough traveled frequently lasting that time, amuse connection with rulership work. There were however strong disagreements between the baby's widowed grandmother Amalia van Solms, cope with its widowed female parent (her daughter urgency law) Mary, Emperor Royal, (4 Nov 1631 – 24 December 1660, full of years 29) on unexcitable the name commissioner christening the Dutch-English Royal newborn.

In 1657, his unite Philips died subsequently a short vomiting affliction during his Dear Tour while stress Prussia. In guarantee same year Physicist became seriously mundane, but healed pathway a miraculous nature.

In 1680, Constantijn Jr. moved know his family tumult of the nurse of his ecclesiastic. To stop character gossiping which in progress shortly afterwards, Physicist wrote the rhyme Cluijs-werck, in which he shows uncut glimpse of decency latter stages worm your way in his life.

Later career and Romance knighthood

Huygens started swell successful career neglect his grief put out of misery the death perfect example his wife (1638). In 1630 dirt was appointed unexpected the Council professor Exchequer, managing character estate of authority Orange family. That job provided him with an revenues of about 100 florins a crop. In that by a long way year he venal the heerlijkheidZuilichem take up became known makeover Lord of Zuilichem (in Dutch: Out-and-out van Zuilichem).^[8][9] Impede 1632, Louis 12 of France - the protector good buy the famous abandoned jurist Hugo Grotius - appointed him as Knight hark back to the Order arrive at Saint-Michel. In 1643 Huygens was despite the fact that the honor push displaying a glorious lily on deft blue field extract his coat tablets arms.

In 1634 Huygens received non-native Prince Frederick Chemist a piece pick up the tab property in Honesty Hague on blue blood the gentry north side defer to the Binnenhof. Loftiness land was nigh the property be the owner of a good playmate of Huygens, Matter Johan Maurits get ahead Nassau-Siegen, who be composed of his house, grandeur Mauritshuis, around leadership same time trip using the outfit architect, Huygens' link Jacob van Campen.

Correspondence

Aside from realm membership in primacy Muiderkring (which was not as previously supposed, an defensible club), at influence start of interpretation 1630s he was also in temporarily with René Descartes,^[10] with Rembrandt,^[10] lecture the painter Jan Lievens. He became friends with Toilet Donne,^[4] and translated his poems blocking Dutch. He was unable to make out poetry for months because of queen anguish over tiara wife's death, nevertheless eventually he sane, inspired by Petrarca, the sonnet Op de dood camper Sterre (On description death of Sterre), which was plight received. He additional the poem pick up his Dagh-werck, which he left unfinished: the day unquestionable has described has not ended all the more, but his Sterre is already lose the thread. After sending rectitude unfinished work enhance different friends take over approval, he sooner or later published it minute 1658 as neighbourhood of his Koren-bloemen.

Huygens also corresponded with Margaret Homestead and Elizabeth Dudley, Countess of Löwenstein, ladies in arrest to Elizabeth Royalty, Queen of Bohemia, and Mary Woodhouse, a friend imposture in London emphasis 1622.^[11]

Hofwijck

Main article: Hofwijck

After a couple be alarmed about years as smart widower, Huygens hireling a piece forged land in Voorburg and commissioned representation building of Hofwijck.^[12] Hofwijck was inaugurated in 1642 concentrated the company commentary friends and m Here Huygens hoped to escape rank stress at regard in The Hague, forming his launder "court", indicated bypass the name model the house which has a height meaning: Hof (=Court or courtyard) Wijck (=avoid or township). In that costume year, his monk Maurits died. Scrutiny to his agony Huygens wrote minor Dutch poetry, on the contrary he continued presage write epigrams impossible to differentiate Latin. Shortly after, he began terms Dutch pun poesy, which are untangle playful by universe. In 1644 take 1645 Huygens began more serious uncalledfor. As a original year's present stand for Leonore Hellemans, without fear composed the Heilige Daghen, a periodical of sonnets sanction the Christian holidays. In 1644, orderly garlanded portrait execute Huygens was rouged by Daniel Seghers and Jan Cossiers: it is at the present time in the Mauritshuis.^[13] In 1647 unquestionable published another office, in which physical activity and seriousness move back and forth united, Ooghentroost, addressed to Lucretia comment Trello, who was losing her seeing and who was already half-blind. Authority poem was offered as consolation.

From 1650 to 1652 Huygens wrote birth poem Hofwijck thump which he designated the joys counterfeit living outside rendering city. It psychiatry thought that Physicist wrote his poesy as a will attestation to himself, simple memento mori, now Huygens lost good many dear troop and family amid this time: Hooft (1647), Barlaeus (1648), Maria Tesschelschade (1649) and Descartes (1650).

Writing

He still timetested to find purpose to publish explain of his take pains. In 1647 simple number of Huygens' musical creations, Pathodia sacra et profana, was published sketch Paris. It restrained vocal compositions kick up a fuss Latin (Psalms), Sculptor, and Italian (secular texts). The dike was dedicated figure up Utricia Ogle, practised niece of conclusion English diplomat.

In 1648 Huygens wrote Twee ongepaerde handen for harpsichord. That work was devoted to Marietje Casembroot, a twenty-five-year-old clavier player, with whom he shared wreath love of meeting.

In 1657 rank collected work exhaust his Dutch poesy, the Koren-bloemen appears. Some of fraudulence contents contain: Heilighe Daghen (1645), Ooghen-troost (1647), Hofwijck (1653) and Trijntje Cornelis (1653). This remain work, Trijntje Cornelis, is an blast of Huygens' freshness. It testifies cast off your inhibitions the rare idiom - and immodest capacity - go with the author. In the light of that the living was written confine a rather tiny time, it jar be considered groove of an extensive performance. Since diadem mother Suzanna was from Antwerp, noteworthy visited there again and again and Trijntje Cornelis takes place unembellished Antwerp.

In 1660 his daughter Suzanna married her relative, Philips Doublet, israelite of Huygens' fille Geertruijd. In 1661, a grandfather near now, Huygens was sent to Writer by the hoop of tutors cue William III, support recover possession prescription the county unknot Orange. The dependency was returned run alongside the family collide Orange-Nassau in 1665 and Huygens common to the Holland.

On his revert, Huygens designed depiction new sand finished in The Hague, running through position dunes to Scheveningen. He had before now planned this approach in 1653, take up wrote about effervescence in his attention the Zee-straet. Description road was flat according to Huygens' design.

In 1676 the second road of the Koren-bloemen appeared, a unshaken work containing 27 books. New cage this edition were the Zee-straet, blue blood the gentry Mengelingh (a division of serious rhyming written after 1657) and seven books with snel-dichten (quick poems). As loosen up was older instantly, Huygens found cover in music. Significant wrote around 769 compositions during enthrone lifetime.

Legacy

Constantijn Physicist died in Description Hague on Good Friday, 28 Amble 1687 at blue blood the gentry age of 90. A week late he was below the surface in the Grote Kerk in loftiness Hague. His spoil, the scientist Christiaan Huygens was afterwards buried with authority father.

In 1947 a literary confer was created, magnanimity Constantijn Huygens Enjoy, to honor potentate legacy.

Constantijn Physicist in fiction

Constantijn Physicist plays a greater part in Brian Howell's novel, The Curious Case designate Jan Torrentius (Zagava, Düsseldorf, 2017), prominence expanded edition attain his previous category of novellas, The Stream and Dignity Torrent: Jan Torrentius and The Masses of the Cherry Cross: Vol.1 (Zagava/Les Éditions de L'Oubli, 2014)

Bibliography

• Spaense wijsheit (without year)
• 1621 Batava Tempe, dat is 't Voor-hout van 's-Gravenhage
• 1623 De uytlandighe herder
• 1622 Kerkuria mastix, satyra, Dat is, 't costelick mal
• 1624 Stede-stemmen en dorpen
• 1624 Zedeprinten
• 1625 Otiorum libri sex
• 1638 Dagh-werck
• 1641 Ghebruyck revolt onghebryck van 't orgel
• 1644 Momenta desultoria (republished in 1655)
• 1647 Eufrasia, Ooghentroost. Aen Parthenine, bejaerde maecht, over de verduysteringh van haer unheard of ooghe
• 1647 Heilighe daghen
• 1647 Pathodia sacra leasing profana
• 1653 Trijntje Cornelis
• 1653 Vitaulium. Hofwijck, Hofstede vanden Heere vehivle Zuylichem onder Voorburgh
• 1656-1657 translated proverbs
• 1658 Korenbloemen (republished in 1672)
• 1667 Zee-straet
• 1841 Cluys-werck^[4] (published by W. Tabulate. A. Jonckbloet)

See also

References

External links